lec 4 (complete, Slides Recommended) Flashcards
Superior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Inlet is bounded by
Posteriorly:
Anterolaterally:
Anteriorly:
By the promontory of sacrum and the margin of the ala of sacrum
By linea terminalis (arcuate line, pecten pubis, and pubic crest).
By upper border of pubic symphysis.
Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet anterior limbs are formed by
the lower border of the symphysis pubis and ischiopubic rami.
Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet posterior limbs of the aperture are formed by
the sacrotuberous ligaments, with the coccyx in the midline.
Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet presents anteriorly
the pubic arch (subpubic angle), which lies between the ischiopubic rami
Inferior Pelvic Aperture or Pelvic Outlet Laterally, on each side, the aperture exhibits
the greater and lesser sciatic notches
the greater and lesser sciatic notches are converted by means of the ———– and the ———- into the greater and lesser sciatic foramena
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous
which muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen
piriformis
what passes through the greater sciatic foramen (upper and lower parts)
upper -> superior gluteal nerve and vessel
lower –> inferior gluteal nerve and vessel
pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
nerve to obturator internus
nerve to quadratus femoris
sciatic nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
(rule of 2)
Lesser sciatic foramen Provides an entrance into ——–
Greater Sciatic foramen Provides an exit from ———
the perineum from the gluteal region
pelvis into gluteal region
Lesser sciatic foramen Through it passes the
tendon + nerve to obturator internus
pudendal nerve, and internal pudendal vessels.
Lesser (True) Pelvis anterior wall:
1.The anterior wall: Is the shallowest wall, formed by symphysis pubis, and bodies and rami of pubic bones.
Lesser (True) Pelvis lateral wall:
Is formed on each side by the part of hip bone below pelvic inlet, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments, obturator membrane, and obturator internus muscle and its covering fascia.
Lesser (True) Pelvis posterior wall:
Is formed by sacrum, coccyx, and the two piriformis muscles and their covering fascia.
Lesser (True) Pelvis The inferior wall (floor or pelvic diaphragm) It is formed anteriorly by ————–, and posteriorly by ———– posteriorly with their covering fascia.
levatores ani muscles
coccygeus muscles
The pelvic diaphragm is incomplete anteriorly at pubic arch to allow passage of
urethra in the males, and urethra and vagina in the females.
The parietal pelvic fascia is continuous above with ————– and below with ————
parietal fascia that lining abdominal wall
fascia of perineum
perineal layer of parietal pelvic fascia forms ———–
superior fascial layer of urogenital diaphragm
anal triangle contains ——– in midline and ———– on each side
anus
ischiorectal fossa
The skin around anus is supplied by ————
inferior rectal nerve
ischiorectal (anorectal) fossa formed by
medial wall—>
lateral wall–>
base—>
levator ani + anal canal
fascia covering obturator internus
skin of perineum
on which wall of the ischiorectal fossa i can find the pudendal canal
lateral wall
the urogenital triangle contains
male
female
In male, it contains root of penis and scrotum; in female, it contains external genitalia and orifices of urethra and vagina
Superficial fascia
Consists two layers:
The fatty layer (fascia of camper)
The membranous layer (colles’ fascia)
The fatty layer (fascia of camper) continuous with fat of ——– and ———–
ischiorectal fossa
superficial fascia of thigh
The fatty layer (fascia of camper) anteriorly in scrotum the fat is replaced by —————-
dartos muscle
The membranous layer (colles’ fascia) is attached posteriorly to ————–, and laterally to —————— , anteriorly with———–
posterior border of urogenital diaphragm
margins of pubic arch
superficial fascia of anterior abdominal wall, the scarpa’s fascia
The membranous layer (colles’ fascia) Over penis (or clitoris), It continued as a————-
tubular sheath
The urogenital diaphragm is a triangular ———– diaphragm
musculofascial
what fills the gap of the pubic arch
urogenital diaphragm
The inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm is called ————
perineal membrane
urogenital diaphragm is formed by ———— and————-, which are enclosed between a superior and inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm
sphincter urethrae
deep transverse perineal muscles
posteriorly the urogenital diaphragm fuses with
the two fascial layers fuse with each other and with membranous layer of the superficial fascia and perineal body
The close space that is contained between two urogenital diaphragm fascial layers is known as
deep perineal pouch
The closed space below inferior layer of fascia of urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) is called —————–
superficial perineal pouch
Bulbospongiosus muscles action
male
female
1- They compress penile part of urethra and empty it of residual urine or semen;
2- They compress deep dorsal vein of penis and clitoris ,
thus impeding venous drainage of erectile
tissue and there by assisting in process of
erection of penis and clitoris
3- reduce size of vaginal orifice
perineal body is a ———— mass
fibromuscular
Supplies muscles within the superficial perineal pouch and covering skin
Perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
components of superficial perineal pouch
1- bulbospongiosus muscle + bulb of penis / vestibule
2- ischiocavernosus muscle + crura of clitoris / penis
3- Perineal branch of the pudendal nerve + superficial transverse perineal muscle
4- perineal body (larger in females)
Deep Perineal Pouch contents
1- F-> part of urethra , M–> membranous part of urethra
2- Sphincter urethrae
3- M only –> bulbourethral glands , F only –> part of vagina
4- Deep transverse perineal muscles
5- Internal pudendal artery
6- Dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis
