lec 7 Flashcards
Straight tubules are lined by ? and supported by ?
lined by simple cuboidal epithelium supported by a dense connective tissue sheath
rete testes is lined by ? and supported by ?
Rete testis is lined by a simple cuboidal epithelium with surface microvilli and a single cilium,
supported by highly vascular connective tissue containing MYOID CELLS
Contraction of these myoid cells helps to ?
mix spermatozoa and move them towards efferent ducts
efferent ducts are lined by ? supported by ?
non-ciliated cuboidal cells alternating with tall columnar ciliated cells.
The basal lamina of the epithelium is surrounded by a thin layer of circularly oriented smooth muscle cells
the job of the non ciliated cells lining the efferent ducts ?
absorb much of the fluid secreted by seminiferous tubules
Ductus Epididymis epithelial lining? supported by ?
exhibits a gradual transition from a tall pseudostratified columnar epithelium at head—->to a shorter pseudostratified form at tail
The basal lamina of epithelium is surrounded by smooth muscle cells which forms three layers organized in the same manner as in the vas deferens and by loose connective tissue rich in blood capillaries
the main cells in the epithelial of ductus epididymis are ? we can see intraepithelial ———-?
The principal cells are the main cells. Few basal cells, and intraepithelial leukocytes are seen
the characteristic of principle cells of ductus epididymis ? and it’s function ?
bear numerous very long and branched microvilli on their luminal surface, called stereocilia —> involved in absorption of an access of fluid accompanying spermatozoa from testis
additional secretory function ( we don’t know its nature)
Ductus (Vas) Deferens is lined by ? and supported by ? and their characteristics
1- lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium –> the mucosa presents longitudinal folds
2- The lamina propria is a layer of connective tissue rich in elastic fibers
3- thick muscular layer –> inner outer longitudinal and thick intermediate circular
which ducts has a supporting smooth muscle layer ?
efferent ducts (single circular) ductus epididymis (3 layers) ductus deferens (3 layers)
we find stereocilia in which duct ?
ductus epididymis
helicine arteries are ———– they branch from ———–
numerous anastomosing thick-walled arteries and arterioles that supplies the sinuses of the penis
deep arteries of penis
In penis , Blood drains from the sinuses via veins which lie
immediately beneath the tunica albuginea
erection is mediated by which system ? how does it affect the vessels and smooth muscle cells in trabeculae?
parasympathetic
VD –> helicine arteries –> compressing and restricting venous outflow
relaxation of smooth muscle cells
Seminal Vesicle is lined by ———– rich in ———–
cuboidal or pseudostratified columnar epithelium rich in brown lipofuscin granules
the prostate consist of what type of glands ? how many ?
30 – 50 branched tubulo-acinar glands
the prostate glands are impeded in
fibromuscular stroma (collagenous stroma and smooth muscle fibers).
the prostate glands are formed by ? they are characterized by?
cuboidal or columnar psedostratified epithelium
prominent round basal nuclei and pale staining cytoplasm
how much does each zone occupies from the gland volume
central –>
peripheral –>
transitional –>
25%
70%
5%
in which zone in the prostate does the following dz arise
benign prostatic hyperplasia –>
prostatic CA –>
transitional
peripheral
in labia majora we can find the termination of which ligament ?
round ligament of uterus
labia majora is the homologue of male ———-, and the labial muscle fibers are homologue of ———— muscle of scrotum
scrotum
dartos
when does the posterior commissure disappears
after first vaginal birth
labia minora anterior ends split to enclose ———- , forming two folds an anterior, ——- and a posterior, ——–
clitoris
prepuce
frenulum
which type of cells does the labia minora external surface has ?
external surface has a keratinizing stratified squamous epidermis and scattered sebaceous glands
what is special about the sebaceous glands of labia minora ?
they open directly onto skin surface rather than into necks of hair follicles as they do in hair-bearing skin
the vestibule is a smooth triangular cleft, bounded at its apex by ———, laterally by the———, and at its base by ———–
clitoris
labia minora
fourchett
external urethral orifice lies ———– cm behind glans of clitoris
2.5
Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands are homologous to ————– in male? it opens btw?
bulbourethral glands
labia minora and hymen or its remains
Lesser vestibular glands opening lies btw ?
urethral and vaginal orifice
Paraurethral glands Correspond to ———– in male
prostate
the main cause for the increase in the mammary gland size is ?
The ducts elongate, but increase in size of glands is mainly from deposition of fat
The base of the mammary gland extends vertically from ———– rib, and horizontally from ———– to ———-
2nd – 6th
sternal border to mid-axillary line
the base of the mammary gland overlies what ?
pectoralis major and to a less degree, serratus anterior and external oblique muscles
each breast consist of ———- lobe
15-20
the septa btw lobes of breast are very very developed in the upper part serving as
suspensory ligaments
A lobe consists of several ———– that empty into ———–, which open onto ———–
ducts
lactiferous ducts
nipple
The base of the breast is separated from deep fascia covering underlying muscles by an area of loose connective tissue called
retromammary space
before emerge in nipple, lactiferous duct forms a dilatation called —————
lactiferous sinus
all the ducts in the breast are lined by ———— that is covered by ———— except ———— which is lined by ————– that quickly changes to ————
simple cuboidal covered by closely packed myoepithelial cells
lactiferous sinuses lined by stratified squamous epithelium
stratified columnar or cuboidal epithelium
The connective tissue surrounding alveoli contains many
lymphocytes and plasma cells
it is responsible for secretion of immunoglobulins that confer passive immunity on newborn
plasma cells
externally the nipple is covered by ———— lying on ———- that is responsible for
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, rests on a layer of connective tissue rich in smooth muscle fibers
Contraction of this muscle causes erection of nipple
what happens to the color of the areola during pregnancy ? and why ? does it return to the original color?
darkens during pregnancy, as a result of local accumulation of melanin
rarely returns to its original color
during pregnancy we notice an increase in (regarding the breast)?
the number of secretory vacuoles and lipid droplets and alveoli
breast blood supply ?
(1) Perforating arteries: Branches of internal thoracic artery and intercostals arteries.
(2) External mammary artery: Branch of lateral thoracic artery, which arises from axillary artery.
(3) Pectoral artery: Branch of thoracoacromial artery (branch of axillary artery).
Veins correspond to arteries.
lymph drainage of breast ?
(1) Lateral half of breast: Drains into anterior (pectoral) group of axillary lymph nodes situated just deep to lower border of pectoralis major.
(2) Medial half of breast: Drains into internal thoracic group of lymph nodes situated along course of internal thoracic artery.
(3) A few lymph vessels: Drain into posterior intercostals lymph nodes situated along course of posterior intercostals arteries.
(4) Some vessels: Communicate with lymph vessels of opposite breast and with those of anterior abdominal wall.
