lec 10 Flashcards
the mucosa of the uterine tubes is composed of
simple columnar epithelium ciliated and non-ciliated secretory cells
and a lamina propria loose connective tissue
the Muscular layer of uterine tube is composed of
inner circular and an outer longitudinal
the uterine tube is covered by (serosa or adventitia)
Serosa: Visceral peritoneum
Makes up bulk of uterus ?
Myometrium
how many layers does the myometrium form ? and are they distinguished ? arrangement ?
4 no they are ill defined
1-4 longitudinal
2-3 circular
the increase of myometrial size due to response to estrogen is mainly caused by ?
hypertrophy (increase in size
although some hyperplasia might occur
endometrium is made of which type of cells ?
simple columnar epithelium contains two types of cells, ciliated and non-ciliated secretory cells
At end of menstrual phase, endometrium is usually reduced to
thin layer of lamina propria, deep ends of uterine glands, and some covering epithelium.
what type of glands do we find in uterus and in which layer of endometrium ?
Simple tubular glands they sometimes branch in their deeper portions
lamina propria
what is the epithelial lining of glands
simple columnar epithelium but the ciliated are rare in glands
how many days does the Proliferative phase
10
the menstrual phase is caused by ?
Failure of fertilization ovum leads to inhibition in production of progesterone by corpus luteum
when does the secretory phase start ? for how long ?
Start at ovulation and lasts about 14 days
the secretory phase results from action of ?
progesterone secreted by corpus luteum
describe the glands in the secretory phase and proliferative
proliferative –> straight tubules with narrow lumen
secretory –> dilated tubules highly coiled
what causes the dilation of the lumen of the glands in the secretory phase
glycoprotein secretory products dilate lumens of glands
In this phase endometrium reaches its maximum thickness
secretory phase
Mitosis is rarely seen during this phase (uterine)?
secretory phase
Cervix Is lined by
simple, high columnar mucous-secreting epithelial cells
The external surface of the cervix that bulges into lumen of vagina is covered with
stratified squamous epithelium
which type is the cervical mucous glands
extensively branched
describe the mucous secretions from the cervix in these phases
secretory phase or in pregnancy ?
At time of ovulation?
mention the reason
proliferate and secrete a more viscous and abundant mucous , because of progesterone
mucous secretions are watery
the mucosa of the vagina is lined by ?
stratified squamous
the mucosa of the vagina contains many ———– bit it is devoid of ————–
elastic fibers
devoid of glands
what is the effect of estrogen on vagina
vaginal epithelium synthesizes and accumulates a large quantity of glycogen, which is excreted into lumen of vagina.
what causes the low PH of the vagina ?
Bacteria metabolize glycogen and form lactic acid
The wall of vagina consists of
inner mucosa layer, a middle muscular layer, and an outer dense connective tissue layer, adventitia
Muscular layer of the vagina is made of
ill defined
inner circular outer longitudinal
The gonads appear initially at
5th week
Primordial germ cells migrate from
yolk sac
Primordial germ cells reach the primitive gonads beginning of week ——— and invading genital ridges in ————–
5
6th W
the gonadal ridges lie
on the medial surface of mesonephros
Gonads (testes and Ovaries) are derived from three sources
(1) Mesothelium (mesodermal epithelium) lining the posterior abdominal wall.
(2) Underlying mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).
(3) Primordial germ cells
which part of the indifferent gonad differentiate
XY –>
XX –>
medulla differentiates into testis, while cortex regresses
cortex differentiates into ovary, while medulla regresses
gonads of two sexes are identical and called indifferent gonads until week ———-
7
In male, under influence of —————–, the gonadal cords continue to proliferate and penetrate deep into medulla
to form ————
testis-determining factor (TDF)
medullary or seminiferous cords
seminiferous cords become continuous at their extremities with rete testis in ——— month
4
Sertoli cells derived from
surface epithelium of gland
The Sertoli cells produce what ?until when ? that does what ?
mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) until puberty
suppress development of paramesonephric ducts, which form uterus and uterine tubes
Interstitial (leydig) cells , derived from what? and lies where?
original mesenchyme of gonadal ridge, lie between semineferous cords.
Seminiferous cords are composed of ?
spermatogonia
sertoli cells
By————– week leydig cells begin production of ————–
8th W androgenic hormones (testosterone)
Seminiferous cords remain solid until
puberty
Testosterone production is stimulated by
human chorionic gonadotropin (GTH).
hCG reaches peak amount during the ——- period of fetal development
8 – 12 W
