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bio 381 > Lec 8 > Flashcards

Lec 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Primary pollutant

A

Pollutants emitted into the environment in a form that can be directly harmful

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2
Q

Secondary pollutant

A

Harmful substances formed when primary pollutants react with constituents of the environment

eg. Ozone

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3
Q

Point sources

A

Emanates from a discrete location (one point)

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4
Q

Non-point sources

A

Emanates from diffuse points, many sources

(eg. transportation)

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5
Q

Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA)

A

Implemented in 2000 to reduce pollution, protect the environment, and protect human health

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6
Q

What does CEPA cover for air pollutants

A

Criteria air contaminants

Persistent organic pollutants

Heavy metals

Toxic air pollutants (all other)

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7
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants (sulfur dioxide)

A

Smelly, colorless gas

Produced primarily from fossil fuel combustion

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8
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

A

Smelly red-brown gas. Contributed to smog and acid rain

Created by combustion engines primarily

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9
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants- Particulate matter (PM)

A

Tiny solid or liquid particles

Created by combustion or dust

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10
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

A

Carbon compounds that are volatile, wide range

Household chemicals, engine combustion, solvents, industrial processes

Can easily evaporate

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11
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants

Carbon monoxide (CO)

A

Colorless, odorless gas

Combustion of fuel.

Binds to our red blood cells and prevents us from breathing in oxygen

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12
Q

Criteria air contaminants

Ammonia (NH3)

A

Colorless gas that smells bad

Created from livestock waste, fertilizer production

Can combine with sulfates and nitrates to create PMs

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13
Q

Criteria Air Contaminants

Tropospheric Ozone (O3)

A

Colorless gas, smells slightly sweet

Typical photochemical gas

Secondary pollutant, created from the interaction between sunlight, heat, nitrogen oxide, and carbon compounds

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14
Q

Montreal Protocol

A

Model used to help place regulations in order to protect the ozone layer

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15
Q

Human exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

A

Human exposure to POPs is primarily from food, except for chlordane

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16
Q

Chlordane

A

Used for crops

Was later discovered to have negative effects on the environment and banned in 1988 but because it is a POP, its effect is still persistent

17
Q

Heavy metals of concern

A

Mercury

Lead

18
Q

Problems of heavy metals

A

Associated with particulate matter, easily transported in the atmosphere

Toxic, even in low concentrations

Can bioaccumulate

19
Q

Toxic air pollutants

A

Asbestos

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Methyl Bromide

20
Q

Smog

A

Mixture of air pollutants that form primarily over urban areas

21
Q

Industrial smog

A

Produced from the incomplete combustion of coal or oil

22
Q

Photochemical smog

A

Produced from light-driven reactions between pollutants and atmospheric components

23
Q

Industrial smog contains

A

CO2
CO
SO2

SO3 (sulfur trioxide)
H2SO4(sulfuric acid)
(NH3)2SO4 (Ammonium sulphate)

24
Q

Photochemical Acid

A

NO
NO2
VOCs

HNO3
O3
Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PANs)

25
Q

Air Quality Health Index

A

Metric of air quality developed by the government of Canada. Calculated based on relative risks of common air pollutants

26
Q

Thermal Inversion

A

Slow moving high pressure air being compressed and sinking on top of cold air at the tropospheric level

Colder air is heavier so because warm air is on top of it, the cold air will be stuck unless it is moved

This means that the pollutants will be stuck lower to the ground

27
Q

Air pollution movement

A

Warm air rises and as it rises, it will take volatile substances that have been evaporated.

28
Q

Common air pollutants

A

Ozone at ground level (tropospheric ozone)

Particulate matter

Nitrogen dioxide

29
Q
A

bio 381 (21 decks)

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