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bio 381 > Lec 15 > Flashcards

Lec 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Clean energy

A

Energy gained from sources that do not release air pollutants

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2
Q

Green energy

A

Energy derived from natural sources; often from renewable energy sources

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3
Q

Renewable energy

A

Power generated from sources that are constantly being replenished

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4
Q

Is green energy always renewable

A

No but it mostly is

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5
Q

Types of renewable energy

A

Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Bioenergy
Hydropower

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6
Q

Most renewable energy is also

A

Carbon free

No CO2 or other greenhouse gas emissions

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7
Q

Not all renewable energy is

A

C-free and not all C-free energy is renewable

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8
Q

Biofuels/bioenergy is

A

renewable because we can regrow plants that we burn for fuel, but growing plants absorbs CO2 while burning plants release it

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9
Q

Nuclear energy is

A

Carbon free but is not renewable because it uses uranium

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10
Q

World energy outlook 2023

A

The pattern of investments in recent years has been moving further towards cleaner uses of energy

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11
Q

Wind power

A

Uses the power of wind to turn a set of blades and generate electricity

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12
Q

Steps from wind turbine into power being generated

A

Rotating generator converts wind energy into electricity

Transformer increases voltage for transmission to the electric grid

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13
Q

How many turbines do we need

A

An average turbine generates enough power in 46 minutes to power a home for a month

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14
Q

Problems with wind power

A

Ideal wind sites are often in remote locations

Installation is expensive

Wind doesn’t always blow

Turbines produce noise and alter landscape aesthetics

Wind plants can impact local wildlife

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15
Q

Solar power

A

Using solar radiation to generate electricity via photovoltaic cells; also used for heating

Enough energy to meet the planet’s power needs for an entire year, reaches the Earth from the sun in an hour

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16
Q

Solar energy mechanism

A

Solar panel absorbs photons

A control device converts this into electricity

The electricity then passes through a breaker to provide connection to outlets

17
Q

An average home has

A

More than enough roof area for necessary number of solar panels to supply its power needs and also provide credit for the electrical grid

18
Q

The Brooks Project In Alberta

A

17-Mw solar project near the TransCanada Highway in Brooks, Alberta

Hopes to offset the use of fossil fuels in Alberta homes

Currently powers 3000 homes with 48 582 panels

19
Q

Problems with solar power

A

Initial costs for installation are still quite high

It is weather dependent: dependent on sunlight

Storage batteries are expensive

It requires a lot of space

Transportation and installations are associated with GHG emissions

Some toxic materials and hazardous products used during the manufacturing process of solar panels

We need to improve waste management of solar energy

20
Q

Are solar panels toxic

A

Modern solar panels are silicon based (used to contain cadmium or telluride)

They contain several polymers, some still have lead in the solder, but nothing can leach during use

We just need to recycle the panels properly

21
Q

Main type of hydroelectric plants

A

Dams

Run of River Plants

22
Q

Run of river plants

A

Turbines will capture the flow of water and convert it to electrical energy

Do not disrupt the flow of water unlike dams

23
Q

Hydropower provides

A

The most energy compared to other renewable or low-carbon electricity sources

Is the only source of energy that competes with fossil fuels

24
Q

Problems with water power

A

Strong environmental impacts (habitat alteration/destruction)

Can affect water quality and supply

Can displace people as much as wildlife

There can be droughts or flood

Constructions of dams can be challenging and dangerous

Safety concerns and maintenance over time

25
Q

Geothermal power

A

Using heat trapped inside the Earth to bring highly heated water to the surface and generate electricity

26
Q

Geothermal power is captured through

A

Geothermal power plants, using heat from inside the Earth to generate steam and produce electricity

Geothermal heat pumps, using head close to the Earth’s surface to head water and produce head to buildings

27
Q

Geothermal power mechanism

A

Hot water is brought up to the Earth’s surface and the steam is used to power a turbine and the power is attached to a grid

28
Q

Enhanced Geothermal System

A

Hot Water production well

Cold water injection well

Both are connected to hot granite with stimulative fracture system and head exchange binary system, which is connected to a pwoerhouse

29
Q

Where does the heat come from

A

Earth’s core is made up of very hot molten core surrounding a solid iron inner core

Around the Earth’s core is the mantle, which is made of rock and magma

The outermost layer is the crust

30
Q

Earths crust can

A

Crack or thin, allowing plums of hot magma from the mantle to rise

31
Q

Direct use of geothermal heat

A

Hot water for bathing and swimming

Space and district heating

Greenhouse heating

Aquaculture

32
Q

Problems with geothermal power

A

Only limited to places near tectonic plate boundaries

Some locations cooldown over time

Drilling and exploration is expensive and the environment is quite aggressive

Releasing of potentially harmful gases, such as hydrogen sulphide

Potential earthquakes due to diggins

33
Q

Biomass power

A

Use of organic material from plants and animals, including crops, trees, and waste food

Generated from biological or thermal conversion of biomass resources

Biomass can also be converted into liquid biofuels

Biomass is rich in hydrogen, which can be chemically extracted and used to generate power and fuel vehicles

34
Q

Biomass power mechanism

A

Forests absorb CO2 through photosynthesis

Forests are harvest to create biomass

Biomass can be converted into heat and power

CO2 is released back into the atmosphere

35
Q

Problems with biomass power

A

Not pollution free (GHG emissions)

Uncontrolled biomass production leads to deforestation and destruction of habitats

It is less efficient than other renewable energies

It requires a lot of space to set up and it is very expensive

Unpleasant odors and concerns about pathogens

Requires large amounts of water

36
Q

Biomass power advantages

A

Positive economic impact

Very abundant

Provides value to waste

Super versatile

37
Q
A

bio 381 (21 decks)

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