LEC 5 - translation

Question 1

the process of translation happens in

Answer 1

ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 2

. The ___code is the collection of codons that specify
all the amino acids found in protein

Answer 2

genetic

Question 3

codons are carried or brought by

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

A codon is a sequence of 3 bases (__) in messenger
RNA (mRNA)

Answer 4

triplet

Question 5

anti codon is carried by what RNA

Answer 5

tRNA

Question 6

will connect to messenger rna

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

codon + anti codon =

Answer 7

polypeptide –> protein

Question 8

The genetic code is non-overlapping

true or false

Answer 8

true

Question 9

codon also known as

Answer 9

AUG or methionyl

Question 10

type of amino acid with a codon of AUG

Answer 10

methionyl

Question 11

codon starts at __

Answer 11

AUG near 5`

Question 12

stop codon is known as

Answer 12

UGA, UAG, UAA near 3` end

Question 13

there are no breaks or markers to distinguish
one codon from the next

which means the code is

Answer 13

commaless

Question 14

The code is nearly universal.

true or false

Answer 14

true

Question 15

The code is nearly universal.
The same codon specifies the same amino acid in almost all species studied;
however, some differences have been found in the codons used in mitochondria.

that is why codon is considered as nearly ____

Answer 15

universal

Question 16

The ____ (AUG) determines the reading frame.

Answer 16

start codon

Question 17

occur when a base or a number of bases are
added to DNA

Answer 17

insertion

Question 18

addition of bases

Answer 18

insertion

Question 20

-occur when a base or a number of bases are
removed from DNA

Answer 20

deletions

Question 21

occur when the number of bases
added or deleted is not a multiple of three.

Answer 21

Frameshift mutations

Question 22

codons are always in a multiple of _____

Answer 22

three

Question 23

tRNA + amino acid

Answer 23

aminoacyltransfer RNA

Question 24

aminoacyltransfer RNA is activating tRNA to bring

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

Amino acids are activated and attached to their
corresponding tRNAs by highly specific enzymes
known as

Answer 25

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Question 26

how aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases works

Answer 26

amino acids react with ATP

they will form AMP - aminoacyladenosinemonophosphate and pyrophosphate

there will be cleavage liberating 2 inorganic phosphate

Question 27

The aminoacyl-AMP then forms an ester with
the 20-or 30-hydroxyl of a tRNA specific for
that amino acid, producing an

Answer 27

aminoacyl-tRNA
and AMP.

Question 28

. The___ of the mRNA binds to the small subunit, and
the first AUG codon base pairs with the anticodon on the
methionyl-tRNAiMet

Answer 28

5’ cap

Question 29

In bacteria, the methionine that initiates protein synthesis
is formylated and is carried by .

Answer 29

tRNAfMet

Question 30

small ribosomal subinit of bacteria and archaea is called as

Answer 30

shine dalgarno sequence

Question 31

3 side of large ribosomal sub unit

Answer 31

exit area
peptodyl area
amimoacyl area

Question 32

to attach large ribosomal sub unit to mRNA, we need initiation factors

Answer 32

ATP
guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

Question 33

The initiation factors are designated _+
in prokaryotes.

Answer 33

IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3

Question 34

The initiation factors are designated _+
in eukaaryotes.

Answer 34

eIF-1, eIF-2,
and so on.

Question 35

Release of the initiation factors involves hydrolysis of
GTP to _______

Answer 35

guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and inorganic phosphate

Question 36

tRNA will enter the (EPA)

Answer 36

a or acceptor side, will release the amino acid in the P side and exit on e side

EPA