LAB1 - Lab Safety Precautions + Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards
1
Q
Act of putting on or wearing
A
Donning
2
Q
Removing an item
A
Doffing
3
Q
Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their
nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life,
property, or any other interest of value.
A
Hazard
4
Q
The likelihood or a chance for an adverse event to occur, as an expression of
intention to inflict evil, injury, disruption or damage
A
threat or risk
5
Q
sequence of donning
A
gown
mask or respirator
goggles
gloves
6
Q
sequence of doffing
A
gown and gloves
goggles or face shield
mask or respirator
mask
7
Q
chain of infection
A
agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
8
Q
in the chain of infection what is under agent
A
bacteria
viruses
parasites
9
Q
in the chain of infection what is under the reservoir
A
people
animals/pets
wild animals
food
soil
water
10
Q
in the chain of infection what is under the portal of exit
A
mouth, cuts in the skin, during diapering and toileting
11
Q
in the chain of infection what is under the mode of transmission
A
contact and droplets
12
Q
in the chain of infection what is under the portal of entry
A
mouth, cuts in the skin, eye
13
Q
in the chain of infection what is under the susceptible host
A
babies
children
elderly
people with a weakened immune system
unimmunized people
anyone
14
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “agent” stage
A
diagnosis and treatment
15
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “reservoir “
A
cleaning, disinfection, sterilization,
infection prevention policies
pest control
16
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “portal of exit “
A
hand hygiene
personal protective equipment
control of aerosols and splatter
respiratory etiquette
waste disposal
17
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “mode of transmission “
A
hand hygiene
ppe
food safety
cleaning, disinfection, sterilization
isolation
18
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “portal of entry”
A
hand hygiene
ppe
personal hygiene
first aid
removal of catheters and tubes
19
Q
in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “susceptible host “
A
immunization
treatment of underlying disease
health insurance
patient education
20
Q
___ is the best way to break the chain of
infection.
A
HANDWASHING
21
Q
how many seconds we must perform hand washing
A
15-20 secs
22
Q
if the hands are visibly soiled, we must clean it using
A
germicidal soap
23
Q
if the hands are not visibly soiled, we must clean it using
A
alcohol-based sanitizers
24
Q
An all-encompassing term Used to describe the process of Inactivating or reducing contaminants to an
acceptable level
A
DECONTAMINATION
25
DECONTAMINATION includes
disinfection, sanitization, sterilization,
antisepsis and incineration
26
among the process of decontamination, which one is an optional choice for decontamination
incineration - 800*C to 1000*C
27
"Incineration is not a choice for
decontamination"
according to which organization
Philippine Clean Air Act and Ecological Solid Waste Management
28
incineration is only used in what waste
animal carcass
anatomical body
29
mode of decontamination for spores
sterilization -
30
a type of decontamination that can eliminates all forms of microorganism
sterilization
31
the probability of surviving sterilization is
1:1000000
1 in 1 million
32
STERILIZATION Mostly used in
Culture media
Pipette tips
Tubes, Plates
Non-flammable
reagents
sensitive stock
solutions
33
STERILIZATION Can be achieved through
Heat (moist and dry)
gas (ethylene oxide gas)
Hydrogen peroxide gas
Ozone, radiation
34
heat substances that are not autoclavable are sterilized using
Ethylene oxide gas
35
Hydrogen peroxide gas is used for ____ decontamination
space decontamination
36
Sterilization using ozone or radiation has 2 types, what are they?
ionized radiation and non ionized radiation
37
Less lethal process than sterilization
DISINFECTION
38
a type of decontamination process that Kills vegetative bacterial cells but not endospores
DISINFECTION
39
Eliminated nearly all recognized Pathogenic
microorganism but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g.
Bacterial spores) on inanimate objects
DISINFECTION
40
Factors affecting the effectiveness of a disinfection
procedure
o Nature and number of contaminating
microorganism
o Amount of organic matter present
o The type and concentration of germicide used and duration and temperature of germicide contact, and the
o Type and condition of instruments, devices, and materials (Spaulding classification)
41
pseudomonas is highly resistant to
quaternary ammonium compound
42
a chemical agent used on the skin to safely
reduce the number of microorganisms and reduce risks of infection
antiseptic
43
Antiseptic agents
Iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Antibacterial Soaps
44
not all disinfectants are antiseptic, but all antiseptic are disinfctants
true or false
true
45
Reduce the number or microorganisms to safe
hygienic levels, less effective than disinfection, used in rating cleanliness of establishments
Sanitize
46
what are the disinfecting agents that are not sporicidal
alcohol
phenol
47
what are the disinfecting agents that can be used in all forms of organism
alkalis
aldehydes
halogen chlorine
halogen iodine
peroxygen compounds
quaternary ammonium compounds
48
what are the disinfecting agents that are classified as oxidizing agents
halogen chlorine
halogen iodine
peroxygen compounds
49
what are the disinfecting agents that are not tuberculocidal
quaternary ammonium compounds
50
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of precipitating proteins and denaturing lipids
alcohol
51
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of altering pH through hydroxyl ions, fat saponification
alkalis
52
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins and alkalytes nucleic acid
aldehydes
53
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denatures protein which can corrode metals, rubber, fabrics and can cause mucous membrane irritation
halogen chlorine
54
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins and lipids
peroxygen compounds
55
a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins ad binds phospholioids of cell membrane
quaternary ammonium compound
56
is used for disinfection of
venipuncture site (for alcohol allergic patients) and resistant to pseudomonas aeroginosa
Benzalkonium chloride
57
how do we decontaminate biosafety cabinet
paraformaldehyde,
sodium hypochlorite and alcohol
58
Classification of Chemical Disinfectant/Germicides by
activity level
Spaulding Classification
59
in Spaulding Classification, what does 1 signifies
High level disinfection
60
in Spaulding Classification, what does 2 signifies
Intermediate level disinfection
61
in Spaulding Classification, what does 3 signifies
–Low level disinfection
62
Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration (Stock solution):
5.25 –6.15%
63
Sodium Hypochlorite
dilution used for general surfaces
1:100
64
Sodium Hypochlorite
dilution used for Blood Spills, Infectious spills
1:10 (5 grams per liter)
65
Sodium Hypochlorite
Mechanism:
Denaturation of Protein
66
Application time of sodium hypochlorite
10-15 minutes up to 30-60 minutes
67
temp for dry oven
160 C for 2 hrs
170 C for 1 hr
68
temp for glass bead sterilizer
225 C for 45 seconds
69
use pressurized steam to destroy microorganisms
Autoclaves
70
if the liquid is can't be autoclavable, how do we decontaminate it?
through the use of filtration (hepa fiilter)
71
percent protection of hepa filter
99.97% - 99.99%
72
biological waste examples
blood
swabs
tissues
other body fluids such as sputum
73
color coding for non infectious dry waste
black
74
color coding for non infectious wet waste
green
75
color coding for infectious and pathological waste
yellow
76
color coding for chemical and heavy metal waste
yellow with black band
77
color coding for radioactive waste
orange
78
color coding for sharps and pressured containers
red
79
Are infections, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, that
are acquired through laboratory or laboratory-related
activities, as a result of working with infectious agents
LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (LAI)
80
Safe keeping of valuable biological
materials, collections and
reference strains
Biosecurity
81
Measures to prevent,
detect, respond, and/or recover
from biological threats
Community biosecurity (also
biodefense
82
Accidental infection
Biosafety
83
Deliberate attempt
biosecurity
84
Physical containment of highly
pathogenic organisms or agents (Bacteria,
Viruses, and Toxins), usually by isolation in
environmentally and biologically secure cabinets
or rooms, to prevent accidental infection of
workers or release into the surrounding
community, especially during scientific research
Biocontainment
85
3 strategies of biocontainment
facility design
safety equipment
standard and special microbiological practices
86
types of biocontainment
primary biocontainment
secondary biocontainment
87
a type of biocontainment that is in direct contact with biohazardous material
primary biocontainment
88
a type of biocontainment that is an immediate protection of personnel
primary biocontainment
89
a type of biocontainment that is an immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents
primary biocontainment
90
to make it easier, how can you define primary biocontainment
protection mo beh
91
a type of biocontainment that is about the protection of the environment
secondary environment
92
a type of biocontainment that is provided by a combination of facility design and operational practices
secondary biocontainment
93
examples of primary biocontainment
BSC, cages, centrifuge with biocontainment seals
94
examples of secondary biocontainment
air flow, chemical fume hood, epoxy resin floor
95
air entering class 1 cabinet
room air
96
class 1 cabinet will protect
personnel and the environment
97
component of class 1cabinet
front opening
sash
1 exhaust hepa filter
1 exhaust plenum
98
component of class 2a cabinet
front opening
sash
2 hepa filter (exhaust and supply)
rear plenum
blower
99
class b cabinet protects
personnel, product, and environment
100
class cabinet that has the ability to recirculate
101
how many percent of air are recirculated and exhausted in class 2a cabinet
70% recirculated
30% exhausted
102
what's the difference between the class 2a1 and 2b1 cabinet
2a has two hepa filter at the top
2b has two hepa filter at the top and another one at the bottom right after the air enters the cabinet plus another 1 blower, total of 2
103
difference of class 3 cabinet to others
has no sash but a pass box and a glove port, and a double exhaust hepa filter
104
air recirculated in class 3
none
105
the only cabinet that has recirculation of air
class 1, class 2a, class 2b
106
classification of infective microorganism
risk 1
no or low individual and community risk
107
classification of infective microorganism
risk 2
moderate individual risk, low community risk
108
classification of infective microorganism
risk 3
high individual risk, low community risk
109
classification of infective microorganism
risk 4
high individual and community risk
110
classification of infective microorganism
a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease
risk 1 - no or low individual and community risk
111
classification of infective microorganism
a pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, community, livestock, or the environment.
risk 2 - moderate individual risk, low community risk
112
classification of infective microorganism
laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited
risk 2
113
classification of infective microorganism
a pathogen that usually cause serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available
risk group 3
114
classification of infective microorganism
a pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available
risk 4
115
risk group 1 examples
bacillus subtilis
e.coli k12
116
risk group 2
salmonella
stapylococcus
e.coli 0157h7 strain
117
risk group 3 example
mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacillus anthracis
HIV
118
risk g4 examples
ebola
laso virus
any viruses
monkey fox
119
BSL 1 is only good for
teaching and research
120
most of the BSL in pH is
BSL 2
121
an important requipment for BSL 2
autoclave and biohazard symbols
122
example of lab with BSL 3
RITM
123
BSL 3 is usually for
special diagnostic services and research
124
positive air suits is found in what BSL?
biosafety level 4
125
Any material comprised of, containing, or that may contain biological agents and/or their harmful product such as
toxins and allergens.
BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
126
Containment principles, technologies, and practices
implemented to prevent unintentional/accidental
exposure to pathogens and toxins or their
unintentional/accidental release
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY
127
Institutional and personal security measures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release of pathogens or toxins
LABORATORY BIOSECURITY
128
“Keeping the people from bad bugs.”
Laboratory Biosafety:
129
“Keeping the bad bugs from bad people.”
Laboratory Biosecurity:
130
she intentionally puts shigella
in her coworkers’ burgers
Diane Thompson
131
___ exposes city to
smallpox
Alasdair Pennycook
132
Biosafety + Biosecurity =
Biorisk
133
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
Consumption of a substance by an organism
Ingestion
134
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
The act or an instance of introduction of a
substance into the body
Inoculation
135
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
The act of drawing air or other substances
into the lungs
Inhalation
135
PRINCIPLES OF BIOSAFETY
Practices and procedures
Safety equipment
Facility design and construction
Increasing levels of protection
136
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
The presence of a minor and unwanted
substance or impurity in the skin or mucous
membrane
Contamination
137
principe of BIOSECURITY
Physical Security
Personnel Security
Transport Security
Information Security
Material Control & Accountability
138
8 PILLARS OF LABORATORY BIOSECURIT
Inventory Control
Information Control
Personnel Control
Physical Security Control
Transport Control
Emergency / Incident Response
Emerging Biotechnology
Dual use research of concern
139
accommodation of consequences in the likelihood of hazard
biorisk
140
preventing hazard by implementing protocols is called as
biorisk assessment
141
Effect of uncertainty expressed by the combination of the
consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence, where biological material is the source of harm
BIORISK
142
level of consequence
no injuries or low financial loss
1 - insignificant
143
level of consequence
first aid treatment, on site release immediately contained
minor - 2
144
level of consequence
medical treatment required, on site release contained with outside assistance, high financial loss
moderate - 3
145
level of consequence
extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off site release with no detrimental effects, major financial loss
major - 4
146
level of consequence
death, toxic release off site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss
catastrophic - 5
147
level of likelihood
expected in normal circumstances (100%)
almost certain
148
level of likelihood
probably occur in most circumstances (10%)
likely
149
level of likelihood
might occur at some time 1%
possible
150
level of likelihood
could occur at some future time
0.1%
unlikely
151
level of likelihood
only in exceptional circumstances 0.01%
rare
152
System or process to control safety and security risks
associated with the handling or storage and disposal of
biological agents and toxins in laboratories and facilities
BIORISK MANAGEMENT
153
grading the consequences and likelihood of hazard is called
biorisk assessment
154
BIORISK MANAGEMENT goal
Provide the highest practical protection and the lowest practical exposure
155
bio risk management uses what model
AMP model
assessment
mitigation
performance
156
Assessmeynt in amp model of biorisk management is composed of
hazard ID
Risk assessment
157
mitigation in amp model of biorisk management is composed of
biorisk control measures
risk management
158
performance in amp model of biorisk management is composed of
processes
qa/qc
objectives
159
Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks
associated with biological agents and toxins, taking into
account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding
whether or not the risks are acceptable.
ASSESSMENT
160
Actions and control measures that are put into place to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with biological
agents and toxins
mitigation
161
MITIGATION CONTROL MEASURES
1. Elimination or Substitution
2. Engineering Controls
3. Administrative Controls
4. Practices and Procedures
5. Personal Protective Equipment
162
Least
effective among the mitigation control measures
PPE
163
Most effective among the mitigation control measures
elimination
164
mitigation control
Physically remove the
hazard
elimination
165
mitigation control
replace the hazard
substitution
166
mitigation control
isolate people from the hazard
engineering controls
167
mitigation control
change the way people work
administrative controls
168
mitigation control
Protect worker with protectiprotectivev equipment
ppe
169
mitigation controls
Physical changes to the work stations, equipment,
materials, production facilities, or any other relevant aspect
of the work environment that reduce or prevent exposure to
hazards
engineering controls
170
most recommended gloves
