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MODX > LAB1 - Lab Safety Precautions + Biosafety and Biosecurity > Flashcards

LAB1 - Lab Safety Precautions + Biosafety and Biosecurity Flashcards

1
Q

Act of putting on or wearing

A

Donning

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2
Q

Removing an item

A

Doffing

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3
Q

Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their
nature would allow them, even just theoretically, to cause damage to health, life,
property, or any other interest of value.

A

Hazard

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4
Q

The likelihood or a chance for an adverse event to occur, as an expression of
intention to inflict evil, injury, disruption or damage

A

threat or risk

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5
Q

sequence of donning

A

gown
mask or respirator
goggles
gloves

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6
Q

sequence of doffing

A

gown and gloves
goggles or face shield
mask or respirator
mask

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7
Q

chain of infection

A

agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host

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8
Q

in the chain of infection what is under agent

A

bacteria
viruses
parasites

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9
Q

in the chain of infection what is under the reservoir

A

people
animals/pets
wild animals
food
soil
water

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10
Q

in the chain of infection what is under the portal of exit

A

mouth, cuts in the skin, during diapering and toileting

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11
Q

in the chain of infection what is under the mode of transmission

A

contact and droplets

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12
Q

in the chain of infection what is under the portal of entry

A

mouth, cuts in the skin, eye

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13
Q

in the chain of infection what is under the susceptible host

A

babies
children
elderly
people with a weakened immune system
unimmunized people
anyone

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14
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “agent” stage

A

diagnosis and treatment

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15
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “reservoir “

A

cleaning, disinfection, sterilization,
infection prevention policies
pest control

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16
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “portal of exit “

A

hand hygiene
personal protective equipment
control of aerosols and splatter
respiratory etiquette
waste disposal

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17
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “mode of transmission “

A

hand hygiene
ppe
food safety
cleaning, disinfection, sterilization
isolation

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18
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “portal of entry”

A

hand hygiene
ppe
personal hygiene
first aid
removal of catheters and tubes

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19
Q

in the chain of infection, how to break the cycle while it’s in “susceptible host “

A

immunization
treatment of underlying disease
health insurance
patient education

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20
Q

___ is the best way to break the chain of
infection.

A

HANDWASHING

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21
Q

how many seconds we must perform hand washing

A

15-20 secs

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22
Q

if the hands are visibly soiled, we must clean it using

A

germicidal soap

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23
Q

if the hands are not visibly soiled, we must clean it using

A

alcohol-based sanitizers

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24
Q

An all-encompassing term Used to describe the process of Inactivating or reducing contaminants to an
acceptable level

A

DECONTAMINATION

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25
Q

DECONTAMINATION includes

A

disinfection, sanitization, sterilization,
antisepsis and incineration

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26
Q

among the process of decontamination, which one is an optional choice for decontamination

A

incineration - 800C to 1000C

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27
Q

“Incineration is not a choice for
decontamination”

according to which organization

A

Philippine Clean Air Act and Ecological Solid Waste Management

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28
Q

incineration is only used in what waste

A

animal carcass
anatomical body

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29
Q

mode of decontamination for spores

A

sterilization -

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30
Q

a type of decontamination that can eliminates all forms of microorganism

A

sterilization

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31
Q

the probability of surviving sterilization is

A

1:1000000

1 in 1 million

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32
Q

STERILIZATION Mostly used in

A

 Culture media
 Pipette tips
 Tubes, Plates
 Non-flammable
reagents
 sensitive stock
solutions

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33
Q

STERILIZATION Can be achieved through

A

Heat (moist and dry)
gas (ethylene oxide gas)
Hydrogen peroxide gas
Ozone, radiation

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34
Q

heat substances that are not autoclavable are sterilized using

A

Ethylene oxide gas

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35
Q

Hydrogen peroxide gas is used for ____ decontamination

A

space decontamination

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36
Q

Sterilization using ozone or radiation has 2 types, what are they?

A

ionized radiation and non ionized radiation

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37
Q

Less lethal process than sterilization

A

DISINFECTION

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38
Q

a type of decontamination process that Kills vegetative bacterial cells but not endospores

A

DISINFECTION

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39
Q

 Eliminated nearly all recognized Pathogenic
microorganism but not necessarily all microbial forms (e.g.
Bacterial spores) on inanimate objects

A

DISINFECTION

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40
Q

Factors affecting the effectiveness of a disinfection
procedure

A

o Nature and number of contaminating
microorganism
o Amount of organic matter present
o The type and concentration of germicide used and duration and temperature of germicide contact, and the
o Type and condition of instruments, devices, and materials (Spaulding classification)

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41
Q

pseudomonas is highly resistant to

A

quaternary ammonium compound

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42
Q

a chemical agent used on the skin to safely
reduce the number of microorganisms and reduce risks of infection

A

antiseptic

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43
Q

Antiseptic agents

A

Iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide, Antibacterial Soaps

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44
Q

not all disinfectants are antiseptic, but all antiseptic are disinfctants

true or false

A

true

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45
Q

Reduce the number or microorganisms to safe
hygienic levels, less effective than disinfection, used in rating cleanliness of establishments

A

Sanitize

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46
Q

what are the disinfecting agents that are not sporicidal

A

alcohol
phenol

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47
Q

what are the disinfecting agents that can be used in all forms of organism

A

alkalis
aldehydes
halogen chlorine
halogen iodine
peroxygen compounds
quaternary ammonium compounds

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48
Q

what are the disinfecting agents that are classified as oxidizing agents

A

halogen chlorine
halogen iodine
peroxygen compounds

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49
Q

what are the disinfecting agents that are not tuberculocidal

A

quaternary ammonium compounds

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50
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of precipitating proteins and denaturing lipids

A

alcohol

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51
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of altering pH through hydroxyl ions, fat saponification

A

alkalis

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52
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins and alkalytes nucleic acid

A

aldehydes

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53
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denatures protein which can corrode metals, rubber, fabrics and can cause mucous membrane irritation

A

halogen chlorine

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54
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins and lipids

A

peroxygen compounds

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55
Q

a disinfecting agent that has the mechanism of denaturing proteins ad binds phospholioids of cell membrane

A

quaternary ammonium compound

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56
Q

is used for disinfection of
venipuncture site (for alcohol allergic patients) and resistant to pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

Benzalkonium chloride

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57
Q

how do we decontaminate biosafety cabinet

A

paraformaldehyde,

sodium hypochlorite and alcohol

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58
Q

Classification of Chemical Disinfectant/Germicides by
activity level

A

Spaulding Classification

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59
Q

in Spaulding Classification, what does 1 signifies

A

High level disinfection

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60
Q

in Spaulding Classification, what does 2 signifies

A

Intermediate level disinfection

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61
Q

in Spaulding Classification, what does 3 signifies

A

–Low level disinfection

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62
Q

Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration (Stock solution):

A

5.25 –6.15%

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63
Q

Sodium Hypochlorite

dilution used for general surfaces

A

1:100

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64
Q

Sodium Hypochlorite

dilution used for Blood Spills, Infectious spills

A

1:10 (5 grams per liter)

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65
Q

Sodium Hypochlorite

Mechanism:

A

Denaturation of Protein

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66
Q

Application time of sodium hypochlorite

A

10-15 minutes up to 30-60 minutes

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67
Q

temp for dry oven

A

160 C for 2 hrs
170 C for 1 hr

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68
Q

temp for glass bead sterilizer

A

225 C for 45 seconds

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69
Q

use pressurized steam to destroy microorganisms

A

Autoclaves

70
Q

if the liquid is can’t be autoclavable, how do we decontaminate it?

A

through the use of filtration (hepa fiilter)

71
Q

percent protection of hepa filter

A

99.97% - 99.99%

72
Q

biological waste examples

A

blood
swabs
tissues
other body fluids such as sputum

73
Q

color coding for non infectious dry waste

A

black

74
Q

color coding for non infectious wet waste

A

green

75
Q

color coding for infectious and pathological waste

A

yellow

76
Q

color coding for chemical and heavy metal waste

A

yellow with black band

77
Q

color coding for radioactive waste

A

orange

78
Q

color coding for sharps and pressured containers

A

red

79
Q

Are infections, either symptomatic or asymptomatic, that
are acquired through laboratory or laboratory-related
activities, as a result of working with infectious agents

A

LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (LAI)

80
Q

Safe keeping of valuable biological
materials, collections and
reference strains

A

Biosecurity

81
Q

Measures to prevent,
detect, respond, and/or recover
from biological threats

A

Community biosecurity (also
biodefense

82
Q

Accidental infection

A

Biosafety

83
Q

Deliberate attempt

A

biosecurity

84
Q

Physical containment of highly
pathogenic organisms or agents (Bacteria,
Viruses, and Toxins), usually by isolation in
environmentally and biologically secure cabinets
or rooms, to prevent accidental infection of
workers or release into the surrounding
community, especially during scientific research

A

Biocontainment

85
Q

3 strategies of biocontainment

A

facility design
safety equipment
standard and special microbiological practices

86
Q

types of biocontainment

A

primary biocontainment
secondary biocontainment

87
Q

a type of biocontainment that is in direct contact with biohazardous material

A

primary biocontainment

88
Q

a type of biocontainment that is an immediate protection of personnel

A

primary biocontainment

89
Q

a type of biocontainment that is an immediate laboratory environment from exposure to infectious agents

A

primary biocontainment

90
Q

to make it easier, how can you define primary biocontainment

A

protection mo beh

91
Q

a type of biocontainment that is about the protection of the environment

A

secondary environment

92
Q

a type of biocontainment that is provided by a combination of facility design and operational practices

A

secondary biocontainment

93
Q

examples of primary biocontainment

A

BSC, cages, centrifuge with biocontainment seals

94
Q

examples of secondary biocontainment

A

air flow, chemical fume hood, epoxy resin floor

95
Q

air entering class 1 cabinet

A

room air

96
Q

class 1 cabinet will protect

A

personnel and the environment

97
Q

component of class 1cabinet

A

front opening
sash
1 exhaust hepa filter
1 exhaust plenum

98
Q

component of class 2a cabinet

A

front opening
sash
2 hepa filter (exhaust and supply)
rear plenum
blower

99
Q

class b cabinet protects

A

personnel, product, and environment

100
Q

class cabinet that has the ability to recirculate

A
101
Q

how many percent of air are recirculated and exhausted in class 2a cabinet

A

70% recirculated
30% exhausted

102
Q

what’s the difference between the class 2a1 and 2b1 cabinet

A

2a has two hepa filter at the top
2b has two hepa filter at the top and another one at the bottom right after the air enters the cabinet plus another 1 blower, total of 2

103
Q

difference of class 3 cabinet to others

A

has no sash but a pass box and a glove port, and a double exhaust hepa filter

104
Q

air recirculated in class 3

A

none

105
Q

the only cabinet that has recirculation of air

A

class 1, class 2a, class 2b

106
Q

classification of infective microorganism

risk 1

A

no or low individual and community risk

107
Q

classification of infective microorganism

risk 2

A

moderate individual risk, low community risk

108
Q

classification of infective microorganism

risk 3

A

high individual risk, low community risk

109
Q

classification of infective microorganism

risk 4

A

high individual and community risk

110
Q

classification of infective microorganism

a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease

A

risk 1 - no or low individual and community risk

111
Q

classification of infective microorganism

a pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, community, livestock, or the environment.

A

risk 2 - moderate individual risk, low community risk

112
Q

classification of infective microorganism

laboratory exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited

A

risk 2

113
Q

classification of infective microorganism

a pathogen that usually cause serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available

A

risk group 3

114
Q

classification of infective microorganism

a pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available

A

risk 4

115
Q

risk group 1 examples

A

bacillus subtilis
e.coli k12

116
Q

risk group 2

A

salmonella
stapylococcus
e.coli 0157h7 strain

117
Q

risk group 3 example

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis
bacillus anthracis
HIV

118
Q

risk g4 examples

A

ebola
laso virus
any viruses
monkey fox

119
Q

BSL 1 is only good for

A

teaching and research

120
Q

most of the BSL in pH is

A

BSL 2

121
Q

an important requipment for BSL 2

A

autoclave and biohazard symbols

122
Q

example of lab with BSL 3

A

RITM

123
Q

BSL 3 is usually for

A

special diagnostic services and research

124
Q

positive air suits is found in what BSL?

A

biosafety level 4

125
Q

Any material comprised of, containing, or that may contain biological agents and/or their harmful product such as
toxins and allergens.

A

BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

126
Q

Containment principles, technologies, and practices
implemented to prevent unintentional/accidental
exposure to pathogens and toxins or their
unintentional/accidental release

A

LABORATORY BIOSAFETY

127
Q

Institutional and personal security measures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release of pathogens or toxins

A

LABORATORY BIOSECURITY

128
Q

“Keeping the people from bad bugs.”

A

Laboratory Biosafety:

129
Q

“Keeping the bad bugs from bad people.”

A

Laboratory Biosecurity:

130
Q

she intentionally puts shigella
in her coworkers’ burgers

A

Diane Thompson

131
Q

___ exposes city to
smallpox

A

Alasdair Pennycook

132
Q

Biosafety + Biosecurity =

A

Biorisk

133
Q

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

Consumption of a substance by an organism

A

Ingestion

134
Q

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

The act or an instance of introduction of a
substance into the body

A

Inoculation

135
Q

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

The act of drawing air or other substances
into the lungs

A

Inhalation

135
Q

PRINCIPLES OF BIOSAFETY

A

Practices and procedures
Safety equipment
Facility design and construction
Increasing levels of protection

136
Q

ROUTES OF EXPOSURE

The presence of a minor and unwanted
substance or impurity in the skin or mucous
membrane

A

Contamination

137
Q

principe of BIOSECURITY

A

 Physical Security
 Personnel Security
 Transport Security
 Information Security
 Material Control & Accountability

138
Q

8 PILLARS OF LABORATORY BIOSECURIT

A

Inventory Control
Information Control
Personnel Control
Physical Security Control
Transport Control
Emergency / Incident Response
Emerging Biotechnology
Dual use research of concern

139
Q

accommodation of consequences in the likelihood of hazard

A

biorisk

140
Q

preventing hazard by implementing protocols is called as

A

biorisk assessment

141
Q

Effect of uncertainty expressed by the combination of the
consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence, where biological material is the source of harm

A

BIORISK

142
Q

level of consequence

no injuries or low financial loss

A

1 - insignificant

143
Q

level of consequence

first aid treatment, on site release immediately contained

A

minor - 2

144
Q

level of consequence

medical treatment required, on site release contained with outside assistance, high financial loss

A

moderate - 3

145
Q

level of consequence

extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off site release with no detrimental effects, major financial loss

A

major - 4

146
Q

level of consequence

death, toxic release off site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss

A

catastrophic - 5

147
Q

level of likelihood

expected in normal circumstances (100%)

A

almost certain

148
Q

level of likelihood

probably occur in most circumstances (10%)

A

likely

149
Q

level of likelihood

might occur at some time 1%

A

possible

150
Q

level of likelihood

could occur at some future time

0.1%

A

unlikely

151
Q

level of likelihood

only in exceptional circumstances 0.01%

A

rare

152
Q

System or process to control safety and security risks
associated with the handling or storage and disposal of
biological agents and toxins in laboratories and facilities

A

BIORISK MANAGEMENT

153
Q

grading the consequences and likelihood of hazard is called

A

biorisk assessment

154
Q

BIORISK MANAGEMENT goal

A

Provide the highest practical protection and the lowest practical exposure

155
Q

bio risk management uses what model

A

AMP model

assessment
mitigation
performance

156
Q

Assessmeynt in amp model of biorisk management is composed of

A

hazard ID
Risk assessment

157
Q

mitigation in amp model of biorisk management is composed of

A

biorisk control measures
risk management

158
Q

performance in amp model of biorisk management is composed of

A

processes
qa/qc
objectives

159
Q

Process of identifying the hazards and evaluating the risks
associated with biological agents and toxins, taking into
account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding
whether or not the risks are acceptable.

A

ASSESSMENT

160
Q

Actions and control measures that are put into place to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with biological
agents and toxins

A

mitigation

161
Q

MITIGATION CONTROL MEASURES

A
  1. Elimination or Substitution
  2. Engineering Controls
  3. Administrative Controls
  4. Practices and Procedures
  5. Personal Protective Equipment
162
Q

Least
effective among the mitigation control measures

A

PPE

163
Q

Most effective among the mitigation control measures

A

elimination

164
Q

mitigation control

Physically remove the
hazard

A

elimination

165
Q

mitigation control

replace the hazard

A

substitution

166
Q

mitigation control

isolate people from the hazard

A

engineering controls

167
Q

mitigation control

change the way people work

A

administrative controls

168
Q

mitigation control

Protect worker with protectiprotectivev equipment

A

ppe

169
Q

mitigation controls

Physical changes to the work stations, equipment,
materials, production facilities, or any other relevant aspect
of the work environment that reduce or prevent exposure to
hazards

A

engineering controls

170
Q

most recommended gloves

A

MODX (5 decks)

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