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NURS 220 > LEC 3: IV Starts > Flashcards

LEC 3: IV Starts Flashcards

1
Q

Is starting an IV a medical asepsis or surgical asepsis procedure?

A

Starting an IV is a clean procedure

- Clean gloves and sterile procedure

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2
Q

What are common IV sites?

A
  • Hands
  • Antecubital Fossa
  • Feet
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3
Q

Starting an IV Site

A
  • Start distally
  • Use non-dominant arm
  • Want a vein that is easily palpable and feels soft and full
    Want vein to be large enough to allow good circulation around catheter
  • Patient preference
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4
Q

Why do you want to start an IV distally and work your way up?

A

You can move up if vein does not work

- If you start higher, you can’t go down down due to leaky veins

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5
Q

What are common sites to avoid when starting an IV?

A
  • Avoid sites easily moved/ bumped
  • Knees
  • Avoid wrist or any area that bends, may occlude veins
  • Avoid dominant hand
  • Avoid bifurcation veins
  • Avoid starting an IV in the side where patient has had a mastectomy
  • Avoid starting an IV on patients who are in dialysis
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6
Q

What are tips for starting an IV?

A
  • Proper lighting
  • Get patient to pump hands
  • Apply heat to ares you want to start IV
  • Lower arm down below heart level
  • Use a tourniquet at 10 to 15 cm away from IV site
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7
Q

How far away do you need to place the tourniquet from incursion site for IV?

A

10 to 15 cm away

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8
Q

How many tried do you get to start an IV?

A

The Health Car Region says you get two tries before needing to get someone else to start the IV

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9
Q

Normal Saline Lock

A
  • Is out connection/ access; how we can administer drugs
  • Need to clean saline lock with alcohol swap for 15 seconds before administrating anything
  • Need to flush the saline lock with saline every 24 hours or before giving medications
  • Should feel no resistance
  • Patient should feel no pain and no swelling
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10
Q

Why do you flush saline within the saline lock every 24 hours?

A
  • Too make sure that the IV is still in the vein
  • ## Too ensure there are no kinks
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11
Q

How much saline should you flush through a saline lock?

A

3 mL of saline

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12
Q

Documenting your IV Start

A
  • The size of needle gauge you used
  • Location
  • Patient tolerance
  • How you secured it
  • How many attempts it took if first time was unsuccessful
  • What you administered and the amount
  • Component is CVS
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13
Q

Needle Gages

A
  • The smaller the gage, the larger the diameter
  • The larger the gage, the smaller the diameter
  • Most common gage is 20 gage
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14
Q

Body Fluid Compartments

A
  1. Intracellular (67%)
  2. Extracellular (32%)
    - Intravascular (8%)
    - Interstitial (24%)
  3. Transcellular (1%)
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15
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

Fluid inside the cells

- counts for 67% of fluid

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16
Q

Extracellular Fluid

A

Fluid outside of cells
- Counts for 32% of fluid

a. Intravascular fluid: Fluid in the blood vessels (8%)
b. Interstitial fluid: Fluid between the blood vessels (24%)

17
Q

Transcellular Fluid

A

Aqueous humor, CSF, and CVS

- Counts for 1% of fluid

18
Q

Cellular Plasma Membranes: Barrier

A

Conditions inside are different than outside

19
Q

Cellular Plasma Membranes: Permeability

A

Cells are selectively permeable Selective

20
Q

Cellular Plasma Membranes: Selective Permeable

A

Permits free passage of some material and restricts others

21
Q

Cellular Plasma Membranes: Passive Process

A

No energy expenditure by cell

22
Q

Cellular Plasma Membranes: Active Process

A

Energy expenditure by the cell

23
Q

Osmolality

A

Total solute concentration in an aqueous solution

- The concentration of molecules/ ions in a liquid solution inside the body

24
Q

Tonicity

A

Cells affected by the osmolality of fluid around them

25
Q

What are the three types of tonicity?

A
  1. Isotonic solution
  2. Hypertonic solution
  3. Hypotonic solution
26
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane. This state allows for the free movement of water across the membrane without changing the concentration of solutes on either side
- Cell stays the same

27
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

The concentration of solutes is greater inside the cell than outside of it
- The cell will expand

28
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

The concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside it. Fluid will leave the cell and go into interstitial space
- The Cell will shrink

29
Q

What will happen to the cells if the solution is isotonic?

A

The cell will stay the same size

30
Q

What will happen to the cells if the solution is hypotonic

A

The cell will expand/ swell

31
Q

What will happen to the cells if the solution is hypertonic?

A

The cell will shrink

32
Q

Fluid IV and Electrolyte Replacement: Isotonic

A
  • 0.9 NS
  • D5W
  • LR
33
Q

Fluid IV and Electrolyte Replacement: Hypertonic

A
  • D5NS

- D5 1/2 NS

34
Q

Fluid IV and Electrolyte Replacement: Hypotonic

A
  • 0.45% NS
35
Q

How do you know if you inserted the needle catheter in a vein?

A

Will have flash back

- Blood will fill up

NURS 220 (41 decks)

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