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Endocrinology > Lec 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Lec 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major parts of the Pituitary gland?

A
  1. Anterior Pituitary
  2. Posterior Pituitary
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2
Q

Parts of Anterior Pituitary

A

Pars tuberalis
Pars Intermedia
Pars distalis

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3
Q

Functions primarily as a scaffold for the capillary network of the hypophyseal portal system.

A

Pars tuberalis

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4
Q

Junction between the pars distalis and pars nervosa

A

Pars intermedia

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5
Q

Largest part of the adenohypophysis and contains multiple population of endocrine cells

A

Pars distalis

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6
Q

Lobes of the Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

A

Adenohypophysis (anterior lobe)
Neurohypophysis (Posterior lobe)

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7
Q

What is the function of the Pituitary gland

A

It is known as the “master gland”, that produces a number of critical hormones that controls various function in the parts of the body.

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8
Q

Cells of the anterior pituitary

A

8
Somatotrope cells
Corticotrope cells
Mammotrope/Leutrotopes/Lactotropes cells
Thyrotrope cells
Gonadotrope cells
Melanotrope cells

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9
Q

Cells that secret growth hormoneq

A

Somatotrope cells (Adenohypophysis)

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10
Q

Hormone secreted by corticotrope cells

A

Adenocorticotropic Hormone, Beta-lipotropin Hormone

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11
Q

Cells that secretes prolactin

A

Mammotrope cells
Leutotropes cells
Lactotropes cells

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12
Q

Hormone secreted by Thyrotrope cells

A

Thyriod Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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13
Q

Hormone secreted by Thyrotrope cells

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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14
Q

Hormone secreted by Gonadotrope cells

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Hormone secreted by Gonadotrope cells

A

Follicle Stimulating hormone
Luteinizing Hormone

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16
Q

Hormone secreted by Melanotropes cells

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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17
Q

Protein hormone that is essential for normal growth, development, and health maintenance. This hormone is found primarily in?

A

Somatotropin or Growth hormone
-Liver and adipose tissue

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18
Q

IGF secreted from the liver

A
  • Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1
  • somatomedin C
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18
Q

Protein hormone that is essential for normal growth, development, and health maintenance. This hormone is found primarily in?

A

Somatotropin or Growth hormone
-Liver and adipose tissue

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19
Q

Growth hormone produced in many tissues such as cartilage and ovary and following stimulation by GH.
It is made by fetal Liver, critical for embryonic development.

A

IGF-2 or somatomedin A

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20
Q

A hormone that regulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands.
-its concentration can be measured in what?

A

Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-measured in the blood.

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21
Q

Responsible for milk production and development of the mammary gland.

A

Prolactin

22
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is also called as?

A

Thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone

23
Q

Plays an important role in regulating body weight, body temp and muscle strength. it also stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T4 and T3.

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

24
Q

Function of follicle-stimulating hormone in males.

A

FSH stimulates testicular growth and enhances the production of an adrogen-binding protein by Sertoli cells. (Necessary for sustaining the maturing sperm cell)

25
Q

Function of Follicle-stimulating hormone in females

A

It stimulates the ovarian follicle causing the eggs to grow and mature, after which LH causes the ovulation from mature follicles.

26
Q

Function of Luteinizing hormone in males

A

Stimulates testosterone production by Leydig cells y activating the LH/chorionic gonadotropin receptor membranes.

27
Q

Function of Luteinizing hormone in females

A

Controls the estrous cycle, wherein it triggers the release of an egg from the ovary, resulting in ovulation.

28
Q

It is a peptide hormone produced in the mammalian pars intermedia.
It stimulates melanocytes, to synthesize a brown pigment.

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
(melanotropin [a-MSH])

29
Q

The Neurohypophysis

A

Pars Nervosa
Infundibular stalk

30
Q

Connection between hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland

A

Infundibular stalk

30
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A
  • vasopressin
  • it increases the renal tubular reabsorption of water from the glomerular filtrate
30
Q

Responsible for the secretion of the neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the systemic circulation.

A

Pars Nervosa

31
Q

Effects in the smooth muscle of the uterus and the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland.

A

Oxytocin

32
Q

Zona glomerulosa

A

Mineralocorticoid hormones: outermost layer (zona arcuata)

33
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoids: cortisol, cortisone

34
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Responsible for the secretion of sex hormones: androgens

35
Q

The source of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
2. what is its principal cell type?

A

Medulla
2. Chromaffin cell

36
Q

Secretes several classes of steroid hormones (give example of the steroid hormones)

A

Cortex
(Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids)

37
Q

Synthesis and secretion of catecholamines

A

The amino acid tyrosine is taken up by the chromaffin cells to convert it into norepinephrine and epinephrine. Acetylcholine release is then the responsible hormone for the secretion of these hormones.
3. once released from the preganglionic sympathetic fibers, the catecholamines bind loosely to and are carried in the circulation by albumin.

38
Q

Physiologic effects of medullary hormones

A

Dilation of bronchioles;
Constriction of blood vessels;
Increased metabolic rate;
Dilation of the pupils

39
Q

Parenchymal cells of the cortex. the source of various steroid hormones produced by the gland.

A

Corticocytes

40
Q

Outermost zone of the adrenal cortex. Responsible for the secretion of androgen hormones.

A

Zona glomerulosa

41
Q

The middle zone of the adrenal cortex and is one of the thickest layer. It is composed of cells that contain abundant cytoplasmic lipid and glucocorticoid hormones.

A

Zona fasciculata

42
Q

The inner zone of the adrenal cortex, responsible for the secretion of sex steroids.

A

Zona reticularis

43
Q

(Aldosterone). Have a principal effects on ion transport by epithelial cells, resulting in a loss of potassium and retention of sodium.

A

Mineralocorticoids

44
Q

Helps regulate the blood pressure by managing levels of NaCl and K in the blood and impacting blood volume.

A

Aldosterone

45
Q

Renin-Angiotensi-Aldosterone system

A

is a regulator of blood pressure and cardiovascular function. The system is mainly comprised of the three hormones renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone. Primarily it is regulated by the rate of renal blood flow. enin splits angiotensinogen, a large protein that circulates in the bloodstream, into pieces. One piece is angiotensin I.

Angiotensin I, which is relatively inactive, is split into pieces by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). One piece is angiotensin II, a hormone, which is very active.

Angiotensin II causes the muscular walls of small arteries (arterioles) to constrict, increasing blood pressure. Angiotensin II also triggers the release of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) from the pituitary gland.

Aldosterone and vasopressin cause the kidneys to retain sodium (salt). Aldosterone also causes the kidneys to excrete potassium. The increased sodium causes water to be retained, thus increasing blood volume and blood pressure.

46
Q

Primary glucocorticoid produced within the zona fasciculata.
“stress hormone”

A

Cortisol

47
Q

Primary glucocorticoid produced in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and rodents.
regulates the body’s stress response.

A

Cortisone

48
Q

MOA corticosteroid drugs

A

Glucocorticoids inhibit wound repair via anti-inflammatory effect suppression of cellular responses, including fibroblast proliferation & collagen synthesis.

49
Q

what does corticosteroid inhibits

A

Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor-1
(transcriptional factor in healing wounds)

50
Q

Hormone made by atrial cardiac muscle cells in response to high blood volume that stretches the atrial muscle beyond normal levels

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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