Anti-inflammatory effect of Corticosteroids Flashcards
Highly effective in suppressing or preventing inflammation, but their effects also cause suppression of the immune response, which may increase the risk of infections
Corticosteroids
Two groups of Corticosteroids and their significance
- Mineralocorticoids
- important in maintaining electrolyte balance - Glucocorticoids
- carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism, the immune response, and the response to stress.
Corticosteroid that is important in maintaining electrolyte homeostasis. Also triggers a broader range of functions in nonclassic target cellular sites, including some effects on wound healing after injury.
Mineralocorticoids
Effects of Glucocorticoids
-Inhibit Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)
- decrease the synthesis of interleukins and numerous other proinflammatory cytokines
-suppress cell-mediated immunity
Used as anti-inflammatory drug in cattle but lacks selectivity for mineralocorticoid effects and increases the risk of severe hypokalemia
Isoflupredone
can induce parturition when administered after 255 days of gestation in cattle, but indued calving is usually associated with a high incidence adverse effects, including retained placenta
Dexamethasone & Flumethasone
prodrugs of cortisol
- are back-transformed to their alcohol form in the liver by an 11-beta-hydroxylase
-activity relies on hepatic metabolic activity
-not recommended in animals with hepatic insufficiency
Cortisone, Prednisone, Methylprednisolone
which is not a prodrug of triamcinolone, can be used for intraarticular administration in horses to treat osteoarthritis or as a topical formulation
Triamcinolone Acetonide
is not a prodrug and is directly used to treat lung conditions.
-similarly BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE locally yields an active metabolite that in turn yields beclomethasone
Fluticasone propionate
