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Endocrinology > Female Reproductive Physiology > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Paired glands that provide for the development oocytes and for the production of hormones

A

Ovaries

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2
Q

Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by a reflection of the peritoneum

A

Mesovarium

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3
Q

Shape of ovaries in mare

A

bean-shaped

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4
Q

The shape of ovaries in most species is

A

Almond-shaped

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5
Q

The ovaries in sow resembles what?

A

Grape (berry-shaped)

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6
Q

contain a single oocyte that is surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells

A

Primordial cells

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7
Q

Are follicles that have begun growth from the resting stage as primordial follicles but have not developed a thecal layer or antrum

A

Growing follicles

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8
Q

The type of Ovarian follicles in which an antrum is clearly visible

A

Graafian follicles

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9
Q

The process by which oocytes are formed

A

oogenesis

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10
Q

how many oocytes develop from the reduction division of a primary oocyte

A

one oocyte

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11
Q

serves as the site for fertilization of released oocytes by spermatozoa in domestic species

A

Uterine tubes

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12
Q

the portion of the uterine tube where it assists in directing the oocyte into the infundibulum at the time of ovulation

A

fimbria

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13
Q

The serous covering of the uterine tube, which is a continuation of the mesovarium and a part of the broad ligament (providing the serous support system for the internal genitalia)

A

mesosalpinx

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14
Q

Provides a place for development of the fetus if fertilization has occured

A

uterus

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15
Q

the mucous membrane lining of the interior of the uterus is what?

A

highly glandular

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16
Q

the uterus consists of?

A

corpus (body)
cervix (neck)
cornua (horns)

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17
Q

the muscular portion of the uterus, composed of smooth muscles.
-What is its function?

A

Myometrium
- aid in the expulsion of the fetus as parturition

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18
Q

the myometrium hypertrophies during what phase?

A

during pregnancy

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19
Q

The serous covering of the uterus that is continuous with the mesosalpinx; this provides a suspensory support, particularly for the non gravid uterus.

A

mesometrium

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20
Q

what happens in a gravid uterus

A

pregnant; enlarges and major support is provided by the abdominal wall

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21
Q

the portion of the birth canal located within the pelvis, between the uterus cranially and the vulva caudally

A

Vagina

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22
Q

is the space formed cranial to the projection of the cervix into the vagina

A

fornix

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23
Q

another name for the vulva

A

vestibule of the vagina

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24
Q

where does the ovary and the oviduct receive its blood supply

A

ovarian artery

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25
where does the vagina receives its blood supply
vaginal artery
26
the major blood supply for the uterus
uterine artery
27
the vibration of the blood within the uterine artery when palated
fremitus
28
the principal function of estrogens -what is the common synthetic estrogen
to cause cellular proliferation and growth of the tissues related to reproduction - diethylstilbestrol
29
what are the tissue responses caused by estrogens
Stimulation of: 1. endometrial growth 2. duct growth in the mammary gland 3. increase secretory activity of uterine ducts 4. initiation of sexual receptivity 5. regulation o LH secretion 6. regulation of PGF2a 8. protein anabolism 9.epitheliotropic activity
30
a steroid sex hormone produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, placenta, and adrenal cortex
progesterone
31
functions of progesterone
1. promotion of endometrial growth 2. stimulation of secretory activity of oviduct 3. promotion of lobuloalveolar growth in the mammary gland. 4. prevention of contractility of the uterus during pregnancy 5. regulation of secretion of gonadotropins
32
these are collectively called as the gonadotropins.
Follicle-stimulation hormone and Luteinizing hormone
33
gonadotropin responsible for the ovulatory process and the luteinization of the granulosa
Luteinizing hormone
34
is defined as the beginning of reproductive life, which in the female is usually marked by the beginning of ovarian activity
Puberty
35
when the oocyte is released into the abdomen from its protruding follicle, it is covered by those granulosa cells that immediately surrounded it just before ovulation.
corona radiata
36
reflex ovulators
coitus is required for ovulation to occur. (Cat, mink, rabbit, ferret)
37
Corpus luteum formation & Regression
1. Luteinization of the granulosa: granulosa is converted from estrogen secretion to progesterone. 2. blood vessels from the theca externa invade the developing CL, making it vascularized (maintained by LH) 3. PGF2a - luteolytic substance (14 days after ovulation)
38
The time of sexual receptivity, sometimes referred to as heat.
Estrus
39
The early postovulatory period, during which the CL begins development
Metestrus
40
the period of mature luteal activity, which begins about 4 days after ovulation and ends with regression of the CL
Diestrus
41
The period beginning after the CL regression and ending at the onset of estrus. there is rapid follicle development that leads to ovulation and to the onset of sexual receptivity
Proestrus
42
stage of estrous cycle characterized by estrogen dominance
follicular periods (proestrus and estrus)
43
sexually nonreceptive period includes:
diestrus : metestrus, diestrus, proestrus
44
Behavioral characteristics in cow during estrus
restlessness, mounting activity, standing to be mounted, being more alert to other animals, decreased appetite. - decreased milk production, mucus discharge from the vulva, redness and relaxation of the vulva
45
ovulation of cows occurs in how many hours? -best time for insemination
12-14 hours after estrus - 12 hours after the beginning of estrus
46
Fertile life for bovine spermatozoa (time in female genitalia)
30-48 hoursq
47
bovine oocytes lifespan (after ovulation)
20-24 hours
48
signs of estrus in mares
elevation of tail, standing with the hindlegs apart, squatting and urinating, rhythmically erecting the clitoris
49
physiologic breeding season of ewe
6-7 months
50
antral phase of follicle growth in ewe
3-4 days
51
a condition in which a female displays most of the signs of pregnancy but is not pregnant
Pseudopregnancy
52
onset of puberty in bitch
2-3 months
53
the fusion of male and female gametes to form one singe cell, the zygote
fertilization
54
steps in fertilization
1. penetration of the zona pellucida by the spermatozoon (hyaluronidase & acrosin) 2. maturation division (meiosis) 3. The zona reaction occurs after penetration of the zona pellucida, and protects the oocyte from further penetration by other spermatozoa 4. zygotes remain 3-4 days before being transferred in to the uterus/ 5. progesterone dominance 6. cell division = morula 7. blastocyst 9. blatocyst attaches to the endometrium; embryonic period; fetal period.
55
this occurs when the embryo becomes fixed in position and forms a physical and functional contact with the uterus. occurs 2-5 weeks after fertilization
Implantation
56
the development of extraembryonic membrane
placentation (fetal placenta: chorion, allantois, amnion)
57
the outer membrane of the fetal placenta, and is the outermost membrane and the most intimately associated with the endometrium.
chorion
58
the part of the fetal placenta wherein it envelops the fetus and contains amniotic fluid in the amniotic cavity
amnion
59
this protects the fetus from external shock, prevents adhesion of fetal skin with amniotic membrane, and assist in dilating the cervix and lubricating the birth passage at parturition
amniotic fluid
60
(placenta), in which attachment occurs only at the many mushroom-like projections from the endometrium
cotyledonary placenta
61
the fetal placentas of the dog and cat are attached by a girdle-like band that encircles the placenta
zonary placenta
62
a heifer calf born twin to a normal bull is sterile, what is it called?
freemartin
63
signs of approaching parturition
1. mammary glands continue to enlarge, swelling of vulva, discharge of mucus from vulva. Relaxation of abdominal muscle (relaxin) 2. behavioral signs: restlessness, frequent lying down and urination. 3. increase of respiratory rate
64
Stage of labor
1. Dilation of cervix 2. Expulsion of fetus 3. Expulsion of fetal membrane

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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