Lec 1 & 2 Flashcards
What are 2 types of hormones
Protein/ Peptide hormones
Steroid hormones
what are the different chemical classes of hormones
- Peptides
- Steroids
3.Amino acid derived
Chemical agents that are synthesized by circumscribed and specialized glands.
Stimulates specific tissues
Hormones
Endocrine system
coordinates functioning between different organs through hormones.
Hormones secreted locally into extracellular space only to return to self-regulate the very cells that release them.
Autocrine
Hormones are secreted from the cell directly into the surrounding extracellular space. Hormones react to adjacent or nearby cells
Paracrine
special form of paracrine where neurons secrete neurotransmitter molecules which are transferred to target cells via synapse or neuromuscular junction
Neurocrine
hormones are secreted into a lumen
Solinocrine
Examples of protein/peptide Hormones
All hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones and Parathyroid hormones
Protein/ peptide hormone synthesis
- Prehormone (initial protein produced by the endoplasmic reticulum)
- Cleaved while still in the ER forms smaller protein called prohormone
- Transported to golgi body where another section of protein is cleaved
- The golgi body compacts the hormone molecules into secretory vesicles for storage until a stimulus causes secretion.
Hormone transport where hormone binds to a receptor protein that, in turn, activates a DNA segment that turns on a specific genes.
Lipid-soluble Hormone
Hormone transport where hormone binds to receptor protein on the plasma membrane of the cell. The receptor protein, in turn, stimulates the production of the following second messengers, (1) Cyclic AMP; (2) Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
Water-soluble Hormones
A feedback control system wherein there is an interaction between the hypothalamus and pituitary
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis
Describe the Anterior Pituitary
regulate and releases the 6 major peptide hormones; Wherein these hormones regulate peripheral endocrine glands (thyroid, adrenal, gonads) as well as growth and lactation
-Adenohypophysis
Describe the Posterior Pituitary
(neurohypophysis)
- vasopressin & oxytocin ; hormones that act in the periphery to regulate water balance, milk ejection and uterine contraction.
Functions of the Hypothalamus
Responsible for creating or controlling many hormones in the body; Works with the pituitary gland, which makes and sends other important hormones around the body.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Anterior pituitary gland (APG) to release the growth Hormone (GH)
Melanotropin-releasing hormone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin-controlling hormones
Tells the pituitary gland to either start or stop breast milk production in lactating mothers
hormone, in which increases how much water is absorbed into the blood by the kidneys
Antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin)
A hormone involved in several processes, including the release of a mother’s breast milk, moderating body temperature, and regulating sleep cycles
Oxytocin
