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CHEM 201 > LEC 18: Acids, bases, salts > Flashcards

LEC 18: Acids, bases, salts Flashcards

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1
Q

any substance that in water solution tastes sour

A

acid

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2
Q

____ changes blue litmus paper to red

A

acid

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3
Q

acid react with some metals to ____ hydrogen

A

liberate

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4
Q

acid reacts with bases to form _____

A

salts

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5
Q

acids react with metals (zinc and magnesium) to produce _____

A

hydrogen gas

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6
Q

acids react with hydroxide bases to produce ____ and an ______

A
  • water
  • ionic compound (salt)
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7
Q

acids react with carbonates to produce _____

A

carbon dioxide

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8
Q

pH level of milk

A

6

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9
Q

pH level of vinegar

A

2-3 pH

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10
Q

pH level of coffee

A

5

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11
Q

pH level of coke

A

2.6 - 2.7

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12
Q

adding milk in coffee _____ the acidity of the solution

A
  • lessens
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13
Q

component of coca-cola and other sodas where carbon dioxide dissolves in water to yield two molecules of _______

A

carbonic acid

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14
Q

solution that has an excess OH- ions

A

base

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15
Q

another word for base

A

alkali

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16
Q

bases are substances that accept _____

A

hydrogen ions

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17
Q

properties of base

A
  • bitter or caustic taste
  • slippery, soapy feeling
  • ability to change litmus red to blue
  • ability to interact with acids
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18
Q

pH level of natural soaps

A

8 - 10

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19
Q

pH level ofshampoos

A

3.5 to 9

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20
Q

pH level of toothpaste

A

7 - 10

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21
Q

swedish scientist who lived from 1859 to 1927

A

Svante Arrhenius

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22
Q

in 1884, Svante Arrhenius advanced a theory of ______

A

acids and bases

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23
Q

contains an excess of H+ ions

A

Arrhenius acid solution

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24
Q

contains an excess of OH- ions

A

Arrhenius base solution

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24
Q

contains an excess of OH- ions

A

Arrhenius base solution

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25
Q

Danish chemist

A

J.N. Bronsted

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26
Q

English chemist

A

T.M Lowry

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27
Q

Bronsted and lowry advanced their theory of _________

A

acids and bases

28
Q

proton (H+) donor

A

bronsted-lowry acid

29
Q

proton (H+) acceptor

A

bronted-lowry base

30
Q

developed a more comprehensive theory of acids and bases in 1923

A

G.N. Lewis

31
Q

deals with the way in which a substance with an unshared pair of electrons reacts in an acid-base type of reaction

A

lewis theory

32
Q

electron pair acceptor

A

lewis acid

33
Q

electron pair donor

A

lewis base

34
Q

reaction of an acid with a base

A

neutralization reaction

35
Q

can be considered compounds derived from acids and bases

A

salts

36
Q

salts consists of ____ metal or ____ ions combined with nonmetal ions

A
  • positive
  • ammonium
37
Q

salts are usually ___ and have high ____

A
  • crystalline
  • boiling and melting points
38
Q

substance that conducts electric current as a result of a dissociation into positively and negatively charged particles called ions

A

electrolytes

39
Q

electrolytes are chemicals that conduct _____ when dissolved in water

A

electricity

40
Q

functions of electrolytes

A
  • regulate nerve and muscle function
  • hydrate the body
  • balance blood acidity and pressure
  • help rebuild damaged tissue
41
Q

electric tissues of the body

A

muscles and neurons

42
Q

best way to maintain electrolyte balance in the body

A

healthy diet

43
Q

main food sources of electrlytes

A

fruits and vegetables

44
Q

classes of compounds that are electrolytes

A
  • acids
  • bases
  • salts
  • solutions of oxides that form an acid or a base
44
Q

classes of compounds that are electrolytes

A
  • acids
  • bases
  • salts
  • solutions of oxides that form an acid or a base
45
Q

electrolytes are capable of ____-

A

producing ions in a solution

46
Q

used as insulators

A

nonelectrolytes

47
Q

important ingredient in any kitchen pantry that is a nonelectrolyte

A

sugar

48
Q

substances whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity

A

nonelectrolytes

49
Q

nonelectrolytes are not capable of producing ____ in solution

A

ions

50
Q

meaning of pH

A

potential of hydrogen

51
Q

negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

52
Q

pH =

A

-log[H+]

53
Q

increasing acidity scale

A

0 to 6.9

54
Q

increasing basicity scale

A

7.1 to 14

55
Q

neutral scale of pH

A

7

56
Q

atmospheric precipitation that is more acidic than usual

A

acid rain

57
Q

cause of increase in acidity

A

natural or industrial sources

58
Q

pH level of unpolluted rain because of carbonic acid formation in the atmosphere

A

5.6

59
Q

process of acid rain formation

emission of ____ and ____ into the air

A
  • nitrogen
  • sulfur oxides
60
Q

process of acid rain formation

from the burning of _____

A

fossil fuels

61
Q

process of acid rain formation

chemical reactions between the ___ and water forming _____ and _____

A
  • oxides
  • sulfuric acid
  • nitric acid
62
Q

process of acid rain formation

___ or ___, which carries acid to the ground

A
  • rain
  • snow
63
Q

effects of acid rain

freshwater plants and animals ____ significantly when the rain is acidic

A

decline

64
Q

effects of acid rain

______ is leached from the soil into lakes and adversely affects fish gills

A

aluminum

65
Q

effects of acid rain

the waxy protective coat on plants is ____ making them vulnerable to bacteria and fungal attack

A

dissolved

66
Q

effects of acid rain

responsible for ____ and _____ damage to buildings, monuments, statues

A
  • extensive
  • continuing
67
Q

effects of acid rain

reduces the ______ of paint and promotes the ______ of paper, leather, and cloth

A
  • durability
  • deterioration

CHEM 201 (20 decks)

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