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CHEM 201 > LEC 16: Solutions > Flashcards

LEC 16: Solutions Flashcards

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1
Q

homogenous mixture of two or more substances in relative amounts that can be varied continuously up to the limit of solubility

A

solution

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2
Q

the term solution is commonly applied to the ____ state of matter

A

liquid

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3
Q

components of mixture form a single phase

A

homogenous mixture

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4
Q

a solution consists of a:

A
  • solute
  • solvent
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5
Q

substance that is being dissolved

A

solute

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6
Q

dissolving medium

A

solvent

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7
Q

properties of solution

A
  • a solution is a homogenous mixture
  • constituent particles of a solution cannot be seen by naked eyes
  • solutions do not scatter a beam of light passing through it
  • solute particles cannot be separated by filtration
  • solute or solvent particles do not settle down when left undisturbed
  • solutions are stable at a given temperature
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8
Q

the path of the light beam is ______ in solutions

A

not visible

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9
Q

depend in large part on solutions

A

life processes

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10
Q

oxygen from the lungs goes into solution in the _____, unites chemically with the _______ in the red blood cells, and is released to the body tissues

A
  • blood plasma
  • hemoglobin
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11
Q

chemists take advantage of differences in ______ to separate and purify materials and to carry out ______

A
  • solubility
  • chemical analysis
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12
Q

most chemical reactions occur in _____ and are influenced by the solubilities of the ______

A
  • solution
  • reagents
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13
Q

usually produced by melting the mixture of ingredients

A

alloys

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14
Q

types of solutions based on the quantity of solute in a solution

A
  • unsaturated solution
  • saturated solution
  • supersaturated solution
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15
Q

solution in which we can still add more solute at a given temperature

A

unsaturated solution

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16
Q

solution in which we cannot dissolve more solute in the solvent at a given temperature

A

saturated solution

17
Q

saturated solution in which we add more solute by raising the temperature or pressure

A

supersaturated solution

18
Q

in supersaturated solutions generally, _____ starts forming

A

crystals

19
Q

types of solutions based on the amount of solvent added

A
  • concentrated solution
  • dilute solution
20
Q

has a very small amount of solute in a large quantity of solvent

A

dilute solution

21
Q

concentration in which solute is present in large quantity

A

concentrated solution

22
Q

means twice the alcohol (ethanol) content by volume

A

proof

23
Q

refers to the amount of solute present in a given amount of solution

A

concentration of a solution

24
Q

the amount of solute can be represented by its _____ or _____

A
  • mass
  • volume
25
Q

the relative amount of solute and solvent present in a solution can be represented by different methods of _______

A

expression

26
Q

formula of percent composition by mass

A

percent by mass = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100

27
Q

used when preparing solutions of liquids

A

volume percent or volume/volume percent (v/v%)

28
Q

formula of volume percent

A

v/v% = [(volume of solute)/(volume of solution)] x 100%

29
Q

volume percent is relative to ____

A

volume of solution

30
Q

______ are not necessarily additive because the two substances mix to create less than the additive volume

A

volumes

31
Q

the ____ is often a lower volume than the sum of the separate parts

A

solution

32
Q

number of moles of the solute per liter of solution

A

Molarity

33
Q

Molarity is used to express the number of ____ of solute in exactly one liter of a solution

A

moles

34
Q

Molarity formula

A

Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters

35
Q

similar to Molarity but uses mass (kg) of the solvent rather than the volume of solution

A

molality

36
Q

molality formula

A

molality = moles of solute / kg of solvent

CHEM 201 (20 decks)

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