LEC 14: Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids Flashcards
attraction between molecules
intermolecular force
much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds
intermolecular forces
when a substance melts or boils, intermolecular forces are _______
broken
when a substances condenses, intermolecular forces are ______
formed
______ reflect intermolecular force strength
- boiling points
- melting point
high boiling point indicates _______ attractive forces
strong
______ melting point indicates strong attractive forces
high
intermolecular forces that exist between neutral molecules
van der Waals forces
van der Waals forces include:
- london dispersion forces
- dipole-dipole forces
- hydrogen-bonding forces
interactions important in solutions
ion-dipole
physical properties of substances are understood in terms of _______
kinetic-molecular theory
highly compressible and assume the shape and volume of their container
gas
_____ are far apart and do not interact much with one another
gas molecules
almost incompressible, assume the shape but not the volume of the container
liquid
liquid molecules are held together _____ than gas molecules but not so _____ that the molecules cannot slide past each other
- more closely
- rigidly
incompressible and have a definite shape and volume
soild
solid molecules are _____ together
packed closely
solid molecules are _____packed that they cannot easily slide past each other
so rigidly
condensed phases
- solid
- liquid
solids with highly ordered structures
crystalline
converting gas into a liquid or solid requires the molecules to get ____ to each other
closer
converting a solid into a liquid or gas requires the molecules to move _____ apart
further
forces holding solids and liquids together
intermolecular forces
there are forces _____ molecules
between
solid to liquid/gas conversion can be accomplished by ____ the pressure on the gas
heating or reducing
gas to liquid or solid conversion can be accomplished by _____ the gas
cooling or compressing
weakest of all intermolecular forces
london-dispersion forces
ease with which an distribution can be deformed
polarizability
the ____ the molecule, the more polarizable it is
larger