Learning Task questions Flashcards
Describe what Potable water is
Water that is safe for human consumption
By code every dwelling should be supplied with what?
potable water
True or False: Water supplies can be private or public
True
What are some above ground sources of water?
Lakes and rivers
What is an example of an underground water source?
Aquifers
Are “water services” upstream or downstream of the of the curb stop?
Upstream
Describes “Water Distribution System”
From: water service pipe / private water supply system
To: water supply outlets, fixtures, appliances / devices
What water distribution system is for inside buildings?
Building water distribution system
What type of water is contaminated water?
Water that contains matter
Is capable of seriously affecting health of people drinking the water
What type of hazard would Contaminated water fall under?
Severe Hazard
What kind of contaminates are in contaminated water?
organic or inorganic
True or False: Corporation stops are considered sacrificial (or Sacrificed)
True - they get buried underground
What is a Corporation Stop?
a valve installed on a municipal water main to permit joining of the water service pipe.
What is the definition of Cross Connection?
Any source of pollution, contamination or other material/ substance that could change water quality in drinking water supply
What term means: the use of water for human consumption, food preparation or sanitation?
Domestic Purposes
Are plumbers involved in the design of Municipal Water Distribution Systems?
As a whole, No.
Can plumbers install / maintain piping/ components of a Municipal Water Distribution System
Yes
What type of Hazard is Polluted water?
moderate hazard
Will polluted water cause serious injury to health?
No,
What kind of pollutants are in Polluted water?
Organic and Inorganic
Is polluted water treatable?
yes
What is a pressure system?
Is a water supply design that uses equipment / components that include pumps, pressure tanks / controls.
True or False: Pressure systems are private water supplies (ex: well water)
True
What is Raw water?
is Water in its natural state
Untreated water
What are examples of raw water?
rainwater, groundwater / water from bodies (lakes / rivers)
What is Used water?
Water from purveyor and has passed through property line or water meter / is no longer under control of water purveyor
Who / what is a water purveyor?
Is the owner or operator of a potable waterworks system
What are other names for a water purveyor?
Water provider or water supplier
Where does most of the raw water come from?
surface water sources (rivers / lakes)
What is another name for the Hydrologic cycle?
The water cycle
What is the Hydrologic / water cycle?
It’s the path water takes as it moves through the environment
What is Flocculation?
The thickening or coagulation of water (used in water treatment)
Alum - thickening agent?
What % is in chlorine solution?
1%
What are Head pressures?
aka Original sources
Surface water
Ground water (well)
Alternative supply
What does water stored in clouds store?
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
What is the level of natural precipitation?
close to 5.6
What is considered a universal solvent?
Water - it can dissolve more than any other liquid
What does Cross Connection Controls help with?
Helps prevent used water from backflowing into potable water supply systems
What is the best type of filtration?
Sand
What does filtration include?
removal of suspended particles, debris / algae
What does disinfection include?
removal of bacteria and viruses
When can water be considered Potable? (Mcb)
When water has been properly tested for its mineral, chemical / biological characteristics
True or False: Biological characteristics have to be tested by government agencies
True
What types of system are Booster pumps used on?
Building water distribution systems
What are the 2 different pumps based on operating principal?
Positive displacement
Centrifugal
What type of pump (bn positive displacement and centrifugal) have a spinning action?
centrifugal
What does the centrifugal spinning action create? (Vd)
Variable displacement
How does a centrifugal pump move liquids?
Through rotational energy from one or more driven rotors aka impellers
What does the action of an impeller do?
Increases fluid’s velocity / pressure and directs liquid through outlet
What is the key component of a Centrifugal pump?
the impeller
What does the impeller consist of?
curved vanes - responsible for movement / speed of water
What are the entry and exit points of the fluid from a centrifugal pump?
entry = the impeller at the axis (eye)
Exists = along the circumference between the vanes
What is a Volute?
the pump casing on a centrifugal pump
How does a positive displacement pump move fluid?
by repeatedly enclosing a fixed volume / moving it mechanically through the system.
(like a piston)
How does a reciprocating positive displacement pump work?
By the repeated back / forth movement (strokes) of either a piston, plunger or diaphragm
What type of pump is electrically driven and multi-staged? (and a type of centrifugal pump)
Booster pump
When are booster pumps used?
they are used to boost the water main pressure at different intervals based on pressure loss or elevation loss
True or False: it is common to use a PRV (pressure reducing valve) on the downstream of a booster pumped system
True
What is a hot water recirculating pump used for?
used to circulate domestic hot water to have hot water usable w/in seconds
What is the difference bn a hot water recirc pump and hydronic circulator?
Hot water recirc has wetted - components that will not contaminate potable water supply
What type of materials make of a hot water recirc pump to make it safe for potable water?
Bronze and stainless steel materials and plastics
What are Jet pumps commonly used for?
To lift water from wells
What are the 2 different designs of a Jet pump?
Shallow well - contains suction line
Deep well - contains suction and dry lines
True or False: a Jet pump is 2 pumps in one: a centrifugal pump and an ejector
True
What is another name for ejector?
Jet assembly
What does the Ejector determine?
Pumping depth of the Jet pump
What depth can a shallow well do to?
25’
what depth can a deep well go to?
greater than 25’
What is the main advantage of a Submersible pump?
Is that is does not require priming as the suction is submerged in the fluid.
What types of submersible pumps do plumbers use?
sump pumps, sewage pumps, storm water pumps, deep well pumps.
At what depth would you use a Deep well jet pump?
25’ - 110’
At what depth would you chose a shallow well jet pump?
less than 25’
When would you use a 4” submersible pump?
for lengths of 25’ - 400’
What is the min coverage for freeze protection?
4’ - 5’
What can the pressure in water supply mains exceed?
1380 kPa (200 psi)
Why do water supply utilities use pumps?
to increase pressure in water mains to sufficient levels to supply water for firefighting
Overcome pressure loss in high rise buildings
supply water towers / tanks
What must be installed if the pressure at any fixture exceeds 550kPa?
PRV (pressure reducing valve)
to limit the static pressure
What are the 2 types of pressure reducing valves used on water supply systems?
Direct acting
pilot - operated
Which of the 2 types of PRV are the most common?
Direct acting
What type of valve is used for low flow rates and has a spring that is always loaded to the open?
Direct acting, spring loaded PRVs
Why is a strainer always installed on the high-pressure side?
To prevent dirt / debris from becoming lodged bn the valve seat and disc, preventing it from shutting off.
What is it called when a second PRV is installed immediately downstream of the first PRV?
a Series
When 2 or more small PRVs are used to replace a large valve, Why would one have a slightly higher opening pressure?
To prevent both valves from operating during low-demand periods.
What does having a higher set PRV (when there are 2 PRVs) prevent?
Valve seat etching dt passage of water bn the valve seat / disc
Reduces maintenance costs by causing only one valve to be in constant operation
True or False: In Parallel PRVs, the smaller valve can handle very low demand periods
True
The larger PRV handles the peak demand flows
When is a Vacuum relief valve used?
to prevent a vacuum condition from occurring in the piping
What are the different options for air and vacuum relief valves? (there are 5, good luck)
-manually operated valves
-air released valve only
-vacuum relief valve only
-Separate air release / vacuum relief valves
-Combination air release / vacuum relief valves
Why is air permitted to enter the combination air release / vacuum relief valve / replace water while line is being drained?
To prevent system collapse
What degrees are corporation stop installed at?
30 - 40 degrees
What is the purpose of a gooseneck on a residential water supply system?
for settlement and protects against frost heave
Is the water service located on the inside or outside of the building?
Outside
Is the water distribution pipe located on the inside or outside of a building?
Inside
What is a Mueller thread?
Are fine threads and made of brass
what length of time is Peak - demand flow considered for?
2 hours
What is municipal water pipe’s max velocity?
5’ per second
What does Hazen - Williams formula figure out?
pipe friction loss
How is ductile - iron made?
centrifugal casting
How is ductile - iron joined together?
push on or mechanical joints
What are the different colours of PVC pipe?
Blue - potable water
Green - sewer
Purple - non - potable water
White - general use - radon
Gray - general use - electrical
What is manufactures max limit joint deflection
5 degrees
True or false: Stainless steel service saddles w/ a direct tapped tee is sacrificed.
True
What causes Thrust?
water pressure and sudden changes in water velocity
True or False: Thrust blocks provide restraint in vertically and horizontally
True
Why do we use polyethylene film to cover fittings?
It helps with future disassembly or revision
Where is hot tapping used most?
In hydraulics or sprinklers
Polluted water is what?
Water that contains objectionable matter
