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Plumbing Level 3 > B3: Residential Irrigation System > Flashcards

B3: Residential Irrigation System Flashcards

1
Q

Why should water conservation be a priority?

A

Ecological reasons

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2
Q

What are 3 types of irrigation systems?

A

1) agricultural
2) commercial
3) residential

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3
Q

What are 2 different styles of residential irrigation systems?

A

Traditional sprinkler
Drip irrigation systems

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4
Q

What are Traditional sprinklers well suited for?

A

Large areas of grass and plants w/ similar water needs
Water uniformly - 5’ or more in diameter

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5
Q

What type of system is used for specific areas (planters on patios, hanging baskets, etc)

A

Drip irrigation

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6
Q

What is step one in gaining site information?

A

Contact AHJ for permits / backflow prevention

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7
Q

What is BC 1 Call?

A

Call before you dig

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8
Q

What does BC 1 Call provide?

A

Location / depth of known underground services (hydro, water, telephone, gas / sewer)

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9
Q

What does each square of graph paper represent?

A

1 square foot of property

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10
Q

What does local climate influence?

A

How much water is needed to maintain good plant growth

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11
Q

What is evaporation?

A

It’s water lost from the atmosphere from the soil / soil surface.

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12
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Is the amount of water used by the plant

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13
Q

What is the combined form of evaporation and transpiration?

A

Evapotransporation

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14
Q

What is a cool climate

A

Under 70f (21c) – an average midsummer high

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15
Q

What is a warm climate?

A

Bn 70f and 90f (21 -32c) - midsummer highs

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16
Q

What is the temp of hot climate?

A

Over 90f (32C)

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17
Q

What is over 50% humidity called?

A

Average midsummer relative humidity

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18
Q

What is humidity under 50% considered?

A

Dry

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19
Q

What is needed for larger agricultural watering needs?

A

More accurate calculations

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20
Q

How does soil affect type of sprinkler being used?

A

Type of soil holds a certain amount of water

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21
Q

True or false: the type of soil affects the irrigation schedule

A

True

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22
Q

What determines the percentage of soil texture?

A

The sand, silt and clay that makes up soil

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23
Q

What does a Jar Test determine?

A

The amount of sand, silt and clay soil contains

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24
Q

What is capillary action on soil?

A

Is the primary force in spreading water horizontally through the soil.

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25
Q

How does sandy or coarse soils affect water absorption?

A

Water sifts through quickly and has a hard time retaining moisture (requires more frequent watering)

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26
Q

How does clay affect water absorption?

A

Has a much slower absorption rate - retains water longer = less frequent watering

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27
Q

What is the best type of soil for water absorption / retention?

A

Loamy

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28
Q

What is a main problem of irrigation to avoid?

A

Applying water faster than the soil can receive it

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29
Q

Puddling / runoff are signs of what?

A

Overwatering: wastes water / cause soil erosion

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30
Q

What needs to be determined prior to design work?

A

Water flow / pressure

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31
Q

What is the min pressure sprinklers need to operate properly?

A

35 psi (245kPa)

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32
Q

What does GFCI stand for?

A

Ground fault circuit interrupter

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33
Q

Where should the controller be located?

A

In as close proximity as possible to the zone valve locations - minimize length of control wire needed bn 2 points

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34
Q

What is the goal when selecting sprinklers?

A

Select sprinklers that covers the most area with the least amount of sprinklers

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35
Q

What are the 2 basic types of sprinklers?

A

Fixed spray and rotating

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36
Q

What is a bubbler?

A

They are fixed spray heads that produce short throw or zero radius water distribution

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37
Q

What are spray sprinklers?

A

They are required for
smaller landscaped areas
Areas for controlled spray
area with dense tree growth

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38
Q

What type of spray pattern are fixed spray sprinklers?

A

Part of a circle or arc

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39
Q

What is an advantage of a bubbler

A

Can irrigate a specific area w/o overthrow onto other plants

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40
Q

What are 2 types of spray sprinklers?

A

Mounted on risers
Pop up variety

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41
Q

How does a rotating sprinkler work?

A

Uses flow and pressure to “drive” energy to turn the sprinkler

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42
Q

What are rotating sprinklers use for?

A

Larger area / shrubs

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43
Q

What is the operating pressure of rotating sprinklers?

A

25 - 100 psi (175 - 700kPa)

44
Q

True or False: the distance of throw for a rotating sprinkler head is greater than spray sprinklers.

A

True

45
Q

What is the throw distance of a rotating sprinkler?

A

20ft (6m) min
100 ft (30m) max

46
Q

What are the discharge rates for a rotating sprinkler?

A

100gpm (6.3L/s)

47
Q

What are impact sprinklers? (A little slappy to make daddy happy)

A

Are a variety of rotating sprinklers that are more common in commercial/ agricultural

48
Q

What type of sprinklers are appropriate for slopes, tight soils and areas where slower application rates are required?

A

Rotating sprinklers

49
Q

What drives the choice bn stream rotors / fixed spray heads?

A

Economics

50
Q

What are the advantages of rotating sprinklers?

A

fewer sprinklers, fewer fittings / less trenching

51
Q

What are the advantages of spray sprinklers?

A

can be used with smaller or irregularly shaped areas

52
Q

What is head to head coverage?

A

Spray from one head will reach all the heads adjacent to it

53
Q

True or false: it’s ok to mix spray and rotor sprinklers

A

False! do not mix

54
Q

What is it called when the distance bn heads is 50% or half of the diameter of the spray pattern?

A

50% spacing

55
Q

What are the 2 main types of sprinkler spacings?

A

Square and triangle

56
Q

What is the square pattern sprinkler spacing?

A

It has equal sides running bn 4 sprinkler locations

57
Q

Where would square pattern spacing be seen?

A

In areas that are square themselves or have 90 degree angles

58
Q

Why is square spacing considered weak?

A

the diagonal stretch leaves a weak spot at the center

59
Q

Where is the triangular spacing located?

A

used in areas that have:
irregular boundaries or boarders that are open to overspray
do not require part circles sprinklers

60
Q

Why are triangular spacing the better choice?

A

Less equipment cost, less install time / lower maintenance costs

61
Q

What happens if there is too much pressure at the head of a sprinkler?

A

The spray is more like a mist

62
Q

What is meant by the radius of a sprinkler?

A

the distance that a nozzle “throws” water

63
Q

The farther the radius = what GPM?

A

the higher the flow rate in GPM

64
Q

What is the ideal nozzle pressure?

A

bn 25 - 65 psi (172 - 448 kPa)

65
Q

What is a zone?

A

is a group of sprinkler heads connected with pipe fed by a single valve

66
Q

What is a zone valve controlled by?

A

By the controller / timer

67
Q

What are the 2 types of zone valves?

A

Anti-siphon
In - line

68
Q

What are Anti-siphon zone valves?

A

Have backflow prevention devices integrated into each individual valve

69
Q

What is a disadvantage to an anti-siphon zone valve?

A

they must be installed above ground
6 - 12” above the highest sprinkler

70
Q

What are in - line valves?

A

They are installed below ground in valve boxes for out-of-sight operation

71
Q

Does an in - line valve system have to have a backflow preventer installed?

A

Yes

72
Q

What is the most common type of sprinkler zone valve used?

A

In - line valves

73
Q

Is a dual check valve in - line testable?

A

No

74
Q

What type of pipe is used for residential sprinklers?

A

3/4 - 1” PVC schedule 40

75
Q

Class 200 PVC pipe is popular for?

A

use between zone valves / sprinklers due to its thinner walls / lower burst strength

76
Q

What is the downside of Polyethylene (PE) pipe?

A

It has more of a pressure drop due to its fitting that restrict flow (barbed type fittings)

77
Q

Which wire connects all the valves? ( neutral or hot)

A

Hot wire

78
Q

Each sprinklered area needs how many zone valve?

A

one

79
Q

PVC piping systems should be designed to keep water flow rates no higher than what?

A

5 ft/sec (1.5m/sec)

80
Q

Why is it important to keep 5ft / sec the flow rate?

A
  • keeps pressure lose dt friction to a min.
  • ensures adequate pressure to all sprinkler
  • minimizes erosion dt excessive velocities
81
Q

Adding 25% in when calculating friction loss is to allow for?

A

fittings

82
Q

Should you allow for extra zones for future alterations in landscapping?

A

Yes

83
Q

Controllers should be located close to what?

A

a 120 VAC wall plug

84
Q

Where is a common location for a controller?

A

On a wall inside a garage

85
Q

If a controller is mounted on an outside wall it should be certified for what?

A

Outdoor installation

86
Q

Wires must be ran from the controller to each what?

A

zone valve

87
Q

Any cables used must be acceptable for what?

A

direct earth burial

88
Q

What is the most common size of wire for residential systems?

A

18 gauge (#18AWG)

89
Q

How many volts are needed for zone valves?

A

24 VAC

90
Q

What’s a good way to minimize digging?

A

place multiple pipes in a trench

91
Q

How deep do trenches need to be?

A

8 - 12” (200 - 300mm)

92
Q

What handy tool can be used as a guide for how deep a trench should be?

A

a shovel

93
Q

What type of shovel should you use if trenching through an existing lawn?

A

a square - nosed shovel
remove rectangular pieces of sod approx 2 inches thick

94
Q

A pipe jetter is used for what?

A

trenching under a sidewalk

95
Q

What should be placed at the bottom of a manifold box?

A

drain rock – helps drain the box / keep it from becoming muddy

96
Q

What are swing joints good for?

A

allows 3 directional mvmt
allows vertical mvmt in case of traffic on top

97
Q

What length of Funny pipe is suggested?

A

1 - 4’

98
Q

Are swing joints / sprinklers connected before or after flushing?

A

Installed after flushing

99
Q

How should the wires be connection be made?

A

By a waterproof twist on connector

100
Q

How can debris be removed from valves?

A

Taking off its bonnet and flushing it

101
Q

When flushing the system, which sprinkler head should be left off?

A

the furthest head of a pipe run – allows for debris to be pushed out

102
Q

How does one determine the base irrigation schedule?

A

By determining the weekly evapo-transpiratition rate for the area

103
Q

When should watering take place?

A

Early in the morning - pressure is greatest , reduces water evaporation

104
Q

Why is watering at night not ideal?

A

the lawn is more likely to become diseased when wet for long durations

105
Q

What does calcium and magnesium create?

A

Hard water

106
Q

What happens to the nozzle head if the water is hard?

A

becomes partially plugged

107
Q

When winterizing, water valves should be placed in what position?

A

in the half open position

Plumbing Level 3 (26 decks)

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