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Plumbing Level 3 > F-1: Hydraulic System Loads > Flashcards

F-1: Hydraulic System Loads Flashcards

1
Q

What does TECA stand for?

A

Thermal Environmental Comfort Associations (of BC)

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2
Q

What is TECA?

A
  • Not-for-profit trade associations of contractors, manufactures wholesalers / agents of heating + cooling equipment
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3
Q

What does RHWHA stand for?

A

Residential Hot Water Heating Association (of BC)

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4
Q

What is the main purpose of a building’s heating system?

A

Provide comfort

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5
Q

What is the definition of comfort?

A

A person feels neither too hot or too cold

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6
Q

How does one achieve comfort?

A

Body can dump heat at the same rate as heat gained from environment

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7
Q

What are the heating professionals job?

A

Provide a constant, uniform temp within the building

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8
Q

What are the 5 ways the human body loses heat?

A

1) Radiation
2) Convection
3) Evaporation
4) Conduction
5) Respiration

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9
Q

How much body heat is lost via thermal radiation?

A

48%

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10
Q

What is Radiation?

A

Is the transfer of heat via infra-red waves
Warm –> cold object

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11
Q

What is Cold 70?

A

When there are 2 temperatures felt in the same room even though the air temp is the same.

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12
Q

What is Convection?

A

heat lost through air currents
30% body heat loss

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13
Q

What is Conduction?

A

Heat loss through touch
Sticking a metal rod in a fire and touching the cool end
- losses are min

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14
Q

How is heat lost through Evaporation?

A

Sweating
22% body heat is lost

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15
Q

How is heat lost through respiration?

A

Breathing
- very min (not even considered)

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16
Q

What is the highest of all methods of heat loss?

A

Radiation

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17
Q

What is the Ideal Heat curve?

A

Heat is warmer at the floor and cooler as it raises…
Floor temps= 80F (skin temp) -> 68F at 5 feet

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18
Q

How do forced air systems operate?

A

as one big zone

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19
Q

Where is a thermostat usually located?

A

Hallway or central part of the house

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20
Q

Which side of the house is usually colder? The south or north side?

A

North side

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21
Q

How is Heat described / measured?

A

By intensity and quantity

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22
Q

What is happening when the end of a metal rod is stuck in a fire?

A

Fire end = quantity of heat
Going to cold end = intensity of heat (temperature)
Heat transfer via conduction

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23
Q

How is the quantity of heat measured?

A

BTUs
BTUH (BTU per hour)

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24
Q

Define BTU

A

the quantity of heat required to raise the temp of 1 lb of water by 1F

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25
Q

What is the temperature differential that Boilers operate on?

A

20F

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26
Q

What does a storage type water heaters operate on?

A

90 - 100F

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27
Q

What must the return temp of water be of a non-condensing boilers?

A

140F

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28
Q

Why does it have to be 140F?

A

To keep condensation from forming on the external surface of a heat exchanger

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29
Q

What kind of problems would condensation cause?

A

corrosion
sooting
cooling of flame
plugged heat exchangers premature failure

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30
Q

Why are heat loads always considered BTUH?

A

Heat quantities are expressed within a 1 hour time frame

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31
Q

True or False: Water can hold more heat than air

A

True

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32
Q

What is 1 cubic foot of air in BTUs?

A

0.018 BTU

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33
Q

What is Zoning?

A

applying heat to only certain areas of a building

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34
Q

What is the downside of Hydraulics when compared to air?

A

Hydraulics has more controls / valves

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35
Q

How does a building lose heat (via the 5 types of heat loss)

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection

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36
Q

Thermal conductors (aka conductors) allow heat to what?

A

Move through them easily

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37
Q

Glass, metal and concrete are known as what?

A

Conductors

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38
Q

Does heat move easily through Insulators?

A

No

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39
Q

What are some good types of insulators? (3 points)

A

Fiberglass batts
Polystyrene board
Spray foam

40
Q

Is Air considered a good insulator?

A

Yup

41
Q

What is dead air space?

A

the space between sealed glass panes

42
Q

What is dead air space filled with?

A

Argon gas (inert gases)
increases insulation values

43
Q

What do the “R”, “K”, and “U” values of materials represent?

A

Thermal resistance or conductivity

44
Q

What happens to the rate of heat transfer when the temp differential is doubled?

A

The rate of heat transfer will also double

45
Q

What happens to the rate of heat transfer when the temp differential is halved?

A

The rate of heat transfer will also be halved

46
Q

What does IDT stand for?

A

Indoor Design Temp

47
Q

What does ODT stand for?

A

Outdoor design temp

48
Q

What does IDT and ODT represent?

A

Both represent the temp differential used in heat loss calculations for buildings

49
Q

What is the min IDT for indoor living spaces?

A

22C - 72F

50
Q

What is the min IDT for unfinished basements?

A

18C - 64F

51
Q

What is the min IDT for heated crawl spaces?

A

15C - 59F

52
Q

What is the temp most designers use for all heated areas of residential buildings?

A

72F

53
Q

What does the ODT use as a value?

A

The January 2.5% value

54
Q

What is the January 2.5% value?

A

It is the LOWEST expected temp, all but 2.5%, of what is considered the coldest month of the year

55
Q

Why do we find the temp difference between the IDT and ODT?

A

The value is used when estimating the building heat loss

56
Q

True or False: Buildings gain heat the same way they lose it.

A

True

57
Q

What is “dry bulb”?

A

ambient air temp

58
Q

What is transmission loss?

A

Heat loss via conduction

59
Q

What does “R” value signify?

A

thermal resistance

60
Q

What does R values indicate?

A

the number of hours it would take 1 BTU to pass through 1ft2 of material when the temp diff between two sides of the material is 1F
R = 12hrs/btu/ft2/1F

61
Q

Why do we have to turn the R value into a K value?

A

In order to do calculations we need to have BTU per hour NOT hour per BTU

62
Q

True or False: We always round BTUs to whole number

A

True

63
Q

K values are used as what only?

A

Single material

64
Q

True or False: Every material used in construction has an R value attached to it.

A

True

65
Q

How do we find “U” value?

A

1) Add up all the “R” values
2) Divide the sum into the U value (aka 1)

66
Q

What is the K and U an expression of?

A

materials ability to conduct heat through it.

67
Q

What are K and U values expressed in?

A

BTUH

68
Q

What is R value an expression of?

A

materials resistance to the flow of heat through it.

69
Q

What is R value expressed in?

A

Hours / BTU

70
Q

Why are we interested in coming up with a U value?

A

So it can be used in a formula to give us BTUH heat loss

71
Q

The lower the U value =

A

The better the insulator

72
Q

When calculating transmission loss, only surfaces that separate a heated space from the outdoors have to have heat losses calculated for them.

A

Yes

73
Q

What is an Unconditioned space?

A

when a floor, ceiling or wall has a heated room behind it.

74
Q

What are Exposed walls?

A

Walls that separate heated (conditioned) spaces from the outdoors

75
Q

When will Ceiling losses be counted (in transmission loss)?

A

for rooms on a top floor

76
Q

Ceilings are listed into 2 categories, what are they?

A

1) roof w/ attic space - resi construction w/ trusses
2) built up roof, no attic space - flat or vaulted roofs

77
Q

When will floor spaces be counted?

A

If they are located over unheated space (carport)

78
Q

What is Thermal Bridging?

A

It’s when an area / object has a higher thermal conductivity than the surrounding materials.

79
Q

What does thermal bridging create?

A

a path of least resistance for heat transfer

80
Q

What is thermal bridging also called?

A

Cold bridging
Thermal bypass

81
Q

Any area where there isn’t a continuous, unbroken layer of insulative material is considered what?

A

Thermal break

82
Q

What % can thermal breaks account for?

A

30%

83
Q

What is Slab edge loss?

A

A calculation used for slab on grade construction

84
Q

How do we reduce thermal bridging in slab on grade construction?

A

By using a strip of polystyrene
sandwich it bn the two concrete masses

85
Q

What is rigid polystyrene XPS) used for?

A

it’s commonly attached to the outside of the foundation wall (with a sheet of galvanized sheet metal) to reduce heat loss via concrete to soil/ outside air

86
Q

What happens if a basement concrete floor is more than 2 feet below grade?

A

a downward loss should be calculated.

87
Q

What is Infiltration losses?

A

when heated interior air escapes outdoors or cold outside air forced into living space.
- Is a heat loss dt convection

88
Q

What is heat loss infiltration?

A

Inward flow

89
Q

What is heat loss exfiltration?

A

Outward flow

90
Q

What is infiltration / exfiltration?

A

uncontrolled air leakage through joints in construction / cracks around windows

91
Q

What causes Infiltration?

A

wind and stack - stack driven pressure differentials.

92
Q

What does infiltration rates depend on?

A

Climate / tightness of construction

93
Q

What does ASHRAE stand for?

A

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers

94
Q

What rate determines a tight or airtight construction?

A

<0.5 air changes / hour

95
Q

What is “piping tax”?

A

heat loss through the piping

96
Q

What is “warm-up allowance” or “pickup allowance”?

A

The additional capacity needed for start-up of a cold system

Plumbing Level 3 (26 decks)

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