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Plumbing Level 3 > E1 - Describe Gas piping and Tubing > Flashcards

E1 - Describe Gas piping and Tubing Flashcards

1
Q

How does gas flow?

A

From high to low

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2
Q

How is the amount of pressure in a pipeline measured?

A

psi

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3
Q

What is the safest + most reliable way to deliver gas?

A

pipeline

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4
Q

What is a “Christmas Tree”?

A

a production tubing that connects valves, pressure gauges to flow line connectors

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5
Q

What is a major by product of NG?

A

Sulphur

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6
Q

What does NG get compressed down to when transported?

A

5500 - 8000 kPa (800 - 1200psi)

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7
Q

What speeds does NG travel at through pipelines?

A

11 - 32 km /h

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8
Q

What reduces NG speed through pipelines? (FED)

A

distance, friction and elevation differences

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9
Q

True or False: dt pressure decrease along pipelines –> pump boosters have to be used to increase pressure + speed

A

True

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10
Q

How far apart are booster pumps placed?

A

80 -100 km

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11
Q

Who is responsible for pipeline maintenance?

A

transmission companies

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12
Q

Are LP gases transported in their gaseous state?

A

No, liquid state under pressure

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13
Q

Before local utility can distribute the gas to customers, what has to happen?

A

Gas pressure has to be reduced

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14
Q

How does the pressure reduction happen?

A

gas passes through a city or town gate

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15
Q

What do the city gate stations control? (MOP)

A

metering, pressure limiting and odourization of gas

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16
Q

What is added to NG to give it it’s distinct odor?

A

Mercaptan
(Mercaptan my captain)

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17
Q

What does the pressure get reduced down to at the gate stations?

A

690 kPa (100 psi)

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18
Q

What do storage tanks act as?

A

A buffer between transportation and distribution

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19
Q

What is a base load?

A

Seasonal demand shifts

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20
Q

What are peak loads?

A

unexpected demand surges

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21
Q

What are 3 main types of underground storage? (SAD)

A

1) depleted gas reservoirs
2) aquifers
3) salt caverns

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22
Q

True or False: LNG stored above ground occupies 600 times less space then being stored underground

A

True

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23
Q

What is auto - refrigeration?

A

The release of gas from the liquid storage is also used to maintain remaining stored liquid at low temp.

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24
Q

What is the Gas utility responsible for?

A

Installs and maintenance of gas service
(service line, riser, service stop (valve) service regulator and meter)

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25
Q

What is the max pressure allowed for a single family dwelling?

A

2 psig (14 kPa)

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26
Q

What is the max pressure allowed for an idustrial / commercial buildings?

A

5 - 20 psig (35 - 140 kPa)

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27
Q

What types of pipe are allowed in gas applications?

A

Black iron, CSST, copper tubing, polyethylene plastic

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28
Q

What is the gas fitter responsible for?

A

designing a piping system

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29
Q

What is fluid dynamics?

A

the physics of the flow of fluid

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30
Q

What is important when thinking about flow rates?

A

Affect of the gas pressure energy

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31
Q

Flow in pipe is created by what?

A

energy loss dt friction

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32
Q

How can one measure friction loss?

A

With 2 gauges at different points in the system

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33
Q

Where would friction pressure drop be measured from on a system you’re working from?

A

From the gas supply (metered or pressure regulator) and the most distant appliance

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34
Q

What is the driving force that moves gas through a pipe?

A

pressure difference

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35
Q

The greater the pressure difference, the greater the….

A
  • volume and velocity of flow
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36
Q

What are the 5 flow factors to consider?

A

1) Velocity
2) Pipe size
3) Density (SG)
4) Pipe Material
5) Fittings

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37
Q

Friction loss in uniform, straight sections of pipe are greatly affected by?

A

Velocity of fluid

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38
Q

What are 2 types of flow?

A

Laminar flow
Turbulent flow

39
Q

Describe Laminar flow

A
  • Flow is smooth –> streamline
40
Q

Where does laminar flow occur?

A

At lower velocities

41
Q

What type of flow has an energy loss?

A

Laminar

42
Q

Explain turbulent flow

A
  • Has a rough flow
43
Q

What is a characteristic of turbulent flow?

A

Eddies or small pockets of fluid particles. (results in lateral mixing)

44
Q

What kind of flow increases friction loss?

A

Turbulent

45
Q

True or False: changing pipe size will change gas velocity

A

True

46
Q

What is the Shear rate?

A

it’s the measure of fluids viscosity or slipperiness.

47
Q

Fluids w/ higher density require more what to move them?

A

Energy (and shear less easily)

48
Q

Specific gravity of a gas describes its density relative to what?

A

Air

49
Q

What is the SG of propane?

A

1.5

50
Q

What is the SG of NG?

A

0.6

51
Q

What is the SG of Butane?

A

2.0

52
Q

True or False: Less dense gases are easier to more.

A

True

53
Q

The amount of roughness on the inside of a pipe affects what?

A

Drag of the fluid

54
Q

When are eddies produced?

A

When the fluid is forced to change direction or go around a disruption

55
Q

Eddies produce what?

A

additional pressure loss

56
Q

What are the 3 different way to account for the friction loss of fittings?

A

1) Percentage of length
2) Pressure drop calculations
3) Equivalent length table

57
Q

Why is 20% added to the measured length?

A

It’s a given allowance to account for the friction loss caused by fittings (It’s a guess-tamation)

58
Q

Material not listed in the Gas code can be used if what?

A

-They conform to nationally recognized standards
- A test report of a nationally recognized certification organization

59
Q

Steel piping is also called what?

A

Carbon steel or black iron pipe

60
Q

What wall thickness must steel pipe have?

A

schedule 40 or schedule 80 or standard weight depending on the application or size

61
Q

Can hot zinc coated pipe / fittings be used?

A

Yes

62
Q

What kind of copper is approved for gas use?

A

Type G, K, L

63
Q

What application are type G, K, and L only approved for?

A

Above ground and can’t exceed 1 3/8” OD size

64
Q

Does the pipe sizes in the Gas code book go off OD or ID sizes?

A

OD

65
Q

True or False: Type K and L nominal tube size is 1/8” larger than its nominal size.

A

True

66
Q

What type of copper is approved for underground use?

A

Type K - must be soft annealed

67
Q

In order for Type L or G to be used underground, what must be applied to it?

A

External poly coating

68
Q

Can steel piping be used for gas systems?

A

yes but not common

69
Q

What is the pressure rating of a PE medium density pipe?

A

100 psi

70
Q

What is plastic pipe approved for only?

A

for outdoor, underground only

71
Q

What applications is plastic pipe good for?

A

gas mains, house service lines and after meter on premise underground lines

72
Q

When is plastic pipe to be inspected?

A

Before and after installation

73
Q

If there are any defects on the plastic pipe or fittings, what needs to be done?

A

It needs to be cut out and replaced

74
Q

Is PE thermoplastic?

A

Yes

75
Q

What does thermoplastic mean?

A

Softens when heated / solidifies when cooled
(No chemical reaction takes place)

76
Q

PE piping is fused by applying what?

A

Heat and pressure

77
Q

Plain ended pipe is joined how?

A

butt fusion

78
Q

PE fittings are typically joined how?

A

socket fused

79
Q

How are tees often formed?

A

Saddle fusion

80
Q

Marking on PE should be at what intervals?

A

max 1.5m (4.9’)

81
Q

What do the 4 digits on PE pipe represent?

A

1st number = density of pipe
2nd number = melt rating
3rd / 4th numbers = strength for density

82
Q

Is corrugated stainless steel tubing approved for gas?

A

Yes

83
Q

Up to what psi is corrugated stainless steel approved for?

A

5 psig

84
Q

What size of pipe does CSST come in?

A

3/8” - 2”

85
Q

What is a distinguishable feat of CSST pipe?

A

its yellow PE jacket on the outside

86
Q

How should CSST be installed?

A

As per manufacturer’s instructions

87
Q

Do you have to take a training program prior to installing CSST?

A

Yes

88
Q

What is a benefit of using CSST pipe?

A

it’s easy to weave through obstacles in one con’t run

89
Q

What does black CSST pipe indicate?

A

That it’s lightning - resistant

90
Q

What can’t CSST pipe be used for?

A

as a gas connector

91
Q

What do gas connectors require?

A

flexible connection to connect to rigid permanently installed gas supply piping

92
Q

Choosing the correct connector depends on what? (Mo/dis/re/out)

A
  • if there is repeat movement
  • repeat dis/reconnection requirements
  • be used outdoors
93
Q

What is the min working pressure that hose / hose fittings must have?

A

350 psig (2400kPa)

94
Q
A

Plumbing Level 3 (14 decks)

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