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Plumbing Level 3 > D1: Install Compressed Air Systems > Flashcards

D1: Install Compressed Air Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What type of air is compressed air?

A

Atmospheric air

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2
Q

What is the major use of compressed air?

A

Spray painting for automotive

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3
Q

What does atmospheric air consist of?

A

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen

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4
Q

What is air weight called?

A

Atmospheric pressure

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5
Q

What is the pressure of atmospheric at sea level?

A

101.3 kPa
14.7 psi

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6
Q

How is compressed air measured?

A

Of air in its free state or Standard atmospheric condition (SCFM)

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7
Q

What does SCFM stand for?

A

Standard Cubic Feet / Min

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8
Q

What temperature defines standard air?

A

20C (68F)

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9
Q

What happens to atmospheric pressure and density of air as altitude increases?

A

They both decrease

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10
Q

Would less air or more air have to be delivered by the compressor at higher elevation?

A

A smaller output quantity would be delivered

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11
Q

Air delivery of a compressor is reduced how much for every 1000 feet in elevation?

A

3%

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12
Q

What happens when temp rises above 20 C?

A

There will be a loss of air delivery that = 2% for every 5.6 C increase in Room temp

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13
Q

True or False:
Air from the discharge side of a compressor is hot because it has been compressed.

A

True

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14
Q

Why do we get a false reading on the air pressure gauge with hit air?

A

Hot air requires more space - when air cools, gauge drops

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15
Q

How do we get a true pressure reading?

A

By using an Aftercooler

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16
Q

What are 2 subsystems of compressed air?

A

1) supply side
2) demand side

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17
Q

How do you describe the supply side of a compressor?

A

Includes equipment at the source

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18
Q

What is Demand side of a compressor?

A

Distribution piping
Secondary treatment equipment
End use tool

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19
Q

What is included on the Supply side?

A

Air intake
Air compressor
Motor and controls
Inter/ aftercooler
Moisture separators
Receivers
Primary tx equipment / accessories

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20
Q

What are 2 basic compressor types?

A

Reciprocating
Rotart

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21
Q

How does a Reciprocating Single Acting (single stage) compressor work?

A

Air is drawn in and compressed in a single stroke

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22
Q

How does a Reciprocating single acting (two-Stage) compressor work?

A

Has a min of 2 cylinders in series
Low pressure cylinder = largest
High pressure cylinder = smallest
As air passes through each cylinder, it requires less space

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23
Q

How does a Reciprocating Double acting compressor work?

A

Has compression chambers on both sides of a piston

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24
Q

How does a Reciprocating diaphragm work?

A

develops pressure via reciprocating or oscillating action of a flexible disk

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25
Q

Where are diaphragm compressors most often used?

A

When no contamination is allowed in the output air line or atmosphere.
- Used mostly for light - duty applications

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26
Q

What is a Rotary Sliding vane?

A

Pumping action is produced by a series of sliding, flat vanes as they rotate in a cylindrical housing

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27
Q

What part of the Rotary Sliding vane big and which part small?

A

Suction = larger = creates a vacuum
Exhaust port = smaller = discharges air

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28
Q

What does a Rotary Screw compressor do?

A

Uses 2 rotors (helical screws) to compress air
- When they start turning they mesh together / air is drawn in on one side ( suction side) / pushed through to the ends of rotors = pressure side

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29
Q

What is the advantage of a Rotary Screw compressor?

A

includes a smooth, pulse - free air output

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30
Q

True or False rotary screws can either be oil injected or oil free.

A

True

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31
Q

What is a Rotary Scroll compressor?

A

Contains 2 spiral elements
- Moves in eccentric circles while the other element is stationary

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32
Q

How does a Rotary Scroll pull in air?

A

Air is drawn in bn the 2 spiral elements on the suction side / transported to the centre of the spiral.
- reduced vol at the center = compressed air.

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33
Q

What is a big advantage of the Rotary Scroll compressor?

A

has a quiet operation
- only has one moving part
- No oil
- maintenance is very easy

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34
Q

What job does an Intercooler have?

A

Helps cool the air before it is introduced into the next stage for further compression

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35
Q

What are 2 ways intercoolers, cool?

A
  • Air cooling
  • Water cooling
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36
Q

How does air cooling work?

A

Uses fins to increase surface area to help “blow off” heat

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37
Q

How does an Intercooling - water cooling work?

A

Passes the compressed air through a water - cooled heat exchanger

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38
Q

What is an Aftercooler?

A

Is a heat exchanger that cools hot compressed air to condense the water vapour (otherwise would condense in the piping system)

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39
Q

True or False: the aftercooler can be either water or air cooled.

A

True

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40
Q

Where is the aftercooler installed?

A

After the last stage of compression

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41
Q

80 - 90% of condensate is collected where?

A

In the aftercooler

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42
Q

What is an Integral aftercooler?

A

A compressor that comes as a package from the manufacturer

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43
Q

What 2 places are air filters found?

A

At the air-intake to the air compressor
In the compresses air piping, between the compressor and the end user’s equipment.

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44
Q

What is the most important filter on the compressor?

A

Intake air filter

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45
Q

What are line filters?

A

Compressed air filter downstream of the air compressor

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46
Q

What do line filters do?

A

Remove contaminants (particulates), condesate and lubricant

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47
Q

The finer the filter…

A

The greater the pressure differential (pressure drop) across the element

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48
Q

What do particulate filters do?

A

remove solid particles and have the lowest differential.

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49
Q

What are Coalescing filters?

A

are used to remove lubricant / moisture.
have the highest differential

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50
Q

What are moisture separators?

A

They are devices that remove entrained liquids from air

51
Q

Where are moisture separators installed?

A

following aftercoolers to remove the remaining condensed moisture.

52
Q

What are the 2 types of moisture separators?

A

1) Centrifugal (Cyclone)
2) Coalescing

53
Q

What do Centrifugal Separators?

A

They direct air at an angle into a cone shaped chamber which creates a spinning vortex

54
Q

What is a coalescing separator?

A

Solid objects are captured in the filter cartridge
fluid particles are caught in the filter bowl

55
Q

What does an oil and water condensate separation system do?

A

removes all contaminated condensate from the compressed air / separates the oil from the water

56
Q

What does an air receiver tank act as?

A

a reservoir

57
Q

How does an air receiver tank help remove water from the system?

A

It allows water to cool

58
Q

What is the generalized sizing guideline for an air receiver tank?

A

3 - 5 GPM / CFM ( at full load)

59
Q

True or false: The relief valve should be set to 10% higher than the operating pressure of the system

A

True

60
Q

How does an air tank promote moisture separation?

A

Through receiver piping entering low and exiting high

61
Q

Where are drains needed?

A

At all separators, filters, dryers and receivers

62
Q

When is an air dryer required?

A

when air is subject to freezing temperatures or where water vapour in the air can be harmful

63
Q

What are the 4 types of air dryers?

A

1) Refrigerant
2) Deliquescent dryers
3) Desiccant dryers
4) Membrane air dryers

64
Q

How does a refrigerant dryer work?

A

cools the air to lower temps (below the dew point), condensing / collecting much of the water vapour

65
Q

Can refrigeration dryers be exposed to freezing environments?

A

No

66
Q

What is a deliquescent dryer?

A

a tank full of salt tablets
does not need electricity
water removed is part of a salt brine

67
Q

What do desiccant dryers do?

A

they are porous and absorb water vapour molecules

68
Q

What is a deciccant dryer called regenerative?

A

because the 2 towers switch their roles constantly

69
Q

When is a desiccant dryers a good choice?

A

when there will be exposed to freezing conditions
where instrument quality air is required.

70
Q

How does air flow through membrane air dryers?

A

air passes a bundle of hollow membrane tubes and water permeates the membrane walls

71
Q

What causes the membranes to break down quickly?

A

the oil and dirt they are susceptible to

72
Q

When compressed air is giving off heat, how is this heat removed?

A

by Heat recovery equipment

73
Q

What job does the Distribution piping have?

A

links various components of the compressed air system to deliver air to the point - of - use w/ minimal pressure loss

74
Q

What are the 2 most common piping layouts?

A

straight line networks
closed loop networks

75
Q

How do straight line network work?

A

maintains pressure at the point of use be reducing the size of the central pipe as it moves away from the compressor

76
Q

What is the problem with a straight line network?

A

sacrifices flow rate to preserve downstream pressure

77
Q

Straight line networks often evolve into what?

A

Octopus networks

78
Q

What does a close loop network provide?

A

provides a balance between flow rate and pressure at all points of use in the system

79
Q

A closed loop network allows the air supply to flow through…

A

several lines at a time w/ at least 2 different supply routes

80
Q

Is a secondary receiver a larger or smaller tank?

A

Smaller - acts as a shock absorber

81
Q

Where are manual drains used?

A

At system low points

82
Q

What kind of valve is a manual drain?

A

ball or gate valve

83
Q

Why are manual drains ignored/neglected?

A

they rely on human interaction

84
Q

What is zero loss?

A

When moisture is automatically released w/o the loss of any system air

85
Q

What is an internal float drain?

A

Located at end user filter housings
are normally open / normally closed (is the automatic one)

86
Q

What is a Timed solenoid electric drain? (not a zero loss design)

A

works with 2 timers
1 - set for intervals
2 - set for amount of time open

87
Q

What is the Electronic level sensing condensate drain?

A

Are zero loss design
based on level of demand - only operate when liquid present

88
Q

What are pneumatic / mechanical drains?

A

are zero loss design
powered by air
are portable

89
Q

What is the best kind of drain to go with?

A

zero loss drains that open automatically

90
Q

How does SCFM differ from CFM?

A

S indicated air is standardized at 14.7 psia (103 kPa)

91
Q

What does SCFM mean?

A

standard cubic feet per min

92
Q

What does FRL mean?

A

Filter, Regulator, Lubricator

93
Q

What is Secondary treatment?

A

Is the equipment outside of the supply side components
- its where we’ll find FRL

94
Q

True or False: Filters need to be serviced regularly

A

True

95
Q

How is pressure drop determined?

A

by measuring the difference between inlet and outlet pressure of a filter element

96
Q

What happens when pressure drop reaches 10 psi?

A

element is starting to become clogged

97
Q

How do Filters work?

A

purify the air - filters moisture / impurities

98
Q

How do Regulators work?

A

designed to provide constant pressure and that pressure is not exceeded

99
Q

Lets talk lube

A

lubing up tools (lightly) extends tools life / work

100
Q

What job does a Pressure Relief Valve have?

A

Opens when pressure inside system reaches the PRV set point

101
Q

Does the PRV fix itself?

A

Yes, when pressure returns to below the PRV set point, the valve re-seats / returns to service

102
Q

What is a Bursting disk?

A

also called a rupture disk
Has an engineered weak spot
Designed to burst at a predetermined pressure
it is a one time device

103
Q

What is a Fusible plug?

A

Located on discharge side of compressor
single use
opens when dangerous temperatures present

104
Q

Who is the governing body for pressure vessel program?

A

Tech safe BC

105
Q

When blowing dust off clothes what is the required pressure?

A

70 kPa gauge (10 psig)
- wear eye protection / respirator

106
Q

What is the purpose of a compressed air piping system?

A

to deliver compressed air to wear its needed.

107
Q

What must a compressed air system have?

A
  • sufficient vol
  • good quality
  • enough power to power tools
108
Q

When designing a layout does a projection of future demands / tie-ins to the existing distribution need to be considered?

A

Yes

109
Q

Can compressors fail due to under sized pipes?

A

Yes

110
Q

What is pressure drop?

A

reduction in air pressure from compressor discharge –> point of use

111
Q

A properly sized piping system should have a pressure loss of much less than?

A

10% of compressors discharge pressure

112
Q

Are multiple, smaller compressors w/ sequencing controls more efficient than a large compressor?

A

Yes

113
Q

Where must the compressor be located?

A

In a dry, clean, cool and well - ventilated area

114
Q

How is the amount of heat generated?

A

unit HP x 2500 BTUH

115
Q

Do drains have to be vented?

A

Yes

116
Q

What kind of line connects compressor to air distribution line?

A

High temp, steel braided, vibration isolated flex hose

117
Q

Why should the length of piping be kept to a min?

A

to reduce pressure drop

118
Q

What kind of valves should be used?

A

Always use full port valves (ball valves)

119
Q

What kind of pipe is recommended?

A

Copper tube
Type M, L, K

120
Q

Can PVC and CPVC pipe be used?

A

Should never be used, it can break and shatter / fling sharp fragments

121
Q

What is recommended way to join pipes?

A

Solder or brazing
roll grooved joints –> for larger pipe

122
Q

What is a velocity fuse?

A

a valve that closes when excessive flow begins to pass through it
- prevents air hose from whipping around if broken

123
Q

What is the common fitting used to connect tools to hose?

A

Quick connect

Plumbing Level 3 (26 decks)

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