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Behavioral Science > Learning & Memory > Flashcards

Learning & Memory Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

repeated exposure to the same stimulus can cause a decrease in response

A

habituation

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2
Q

recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation has occurred

A

dishabituation

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3
Q

associative learning that takes advantage of biological, instinctual responses to create associations between two unrelated stimuli

A

classical conditioning

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4
Q

stimulus that brings about reflexive response

A

unconditioned stimulus

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5
Q

innate or reflexive response

A

unconditioned response

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6
Q

normally neutral stimulus through association now causes reflexive response

A

conditioned stimulus

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7
Q

reflexive response to normal neutral stimulus

A

conditioned response

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8
Q

links voluntary behaviors with consequences in an effort to alter the frequency of those behaviors

A

operant conditioning

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9
Q

process of increasing the likelihood that an individual will perform a behavior

A

reinforcement

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10
Q

increase a behavior by adding positive consequence or incentive following the desired behavior

A

positive reinforcer

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11
Q

increase the frequency of behavior but remove something unpleasant

A

negative reinforcer

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12
Q

uses conditioning to reduce the occurrence of behavior

A

punishment

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13
Q

adds unpleasant consequence in response to behavior to reduce that behavior

A

positive punishment

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14
Q

reduction of a behavior when a stimulus is removed

A

negative punishment

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15
Q

reinforce a behavior after a specific number of performances of that behavior

A

fixed ratio

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16
Q

reinforce a behavior after a varying number of performances of the behavior, but such that the average number of performances to receive a reward is relatively constant

A

variable ratio

17
Q

reinforce the first instance of the behavior after a specified period of time has elapsed

A

fixed interval

18
Q

reinforce the behavior the first time that a behavior is performed after a varying time interval

A

variable interval

19
Q

process of putting new information into memory

A

Encoding

20
Q

info gained without effort

A

automatic processing

21
Q

active memorization

A

controlled (effortful) processing

22
Q

repetition of a piece of information to either keep it within working memory

A

maintenance rehearsal

23
Q

first and most fleeting kind of memory storage, consists of both iconic( visual ) and echoic ( auditory )

A

sensory memory

24
Q

housed primarily in the hippocampus, limited in capacity to approximately 7 items + or - 2, can be increased by clustering info

A

short term memory

25
Q

closely related to short term memory, enables us to keep a few pieces of info in our consciousness simultaneously and manipulate that info

A

working memory

26
Q

skills and conditioned responses

A

implicit memory

27
Q

memories that require conscious recall

A

explicit memory

28
Q

our experiences

A

episodic memory

29
Q

the facts that we know

A

semantic memory

30
Q

recall is aided by first being presented with a word or phrase that is close to the desired semantic memory

A

priming

31
Q

linked concepts are unconsciously activated

A

spreading activation

32
Q

persons mental state affects recall

A

state- dependent memory

33
Q

retrieval cue that occurs while learning lists

A

serial position effect

34
Q

tendency to remember early and late items

A

primacy and recency effect

35
Q

old info is interfering with new learning

A

proactive interference

36
Q

new info causes forgetting old info

A

retroactive interference

37
Q

remembering to perform a task at some point in the future

A

prospective memory

38
Q

type of prospective memory that declines with age

A

time based

39
Q

involves confusion between semantic and episodic memory

A

source monitoring error

Behavioral Science (12 decks)

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