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Behavioral Science > Identity and Personality > Flashcards

Identity and Personality Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

our internal list of answers to the question

“Who am I?”

A

self-concept

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2
Q

self-given label that carries with it a set of qualities

A

self-schema

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3
Q

individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong

A

identity

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4
Q

members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language

A

ethnic identity

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5
Q

based on political borders; result of shared history, media, cuisine, and national symbols

A

nationality

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6
Q

we let the situation dictate which identity holds the most importance for us at any given moment

A

hierarchy of salience

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7
Q

maintains that each of us has three selves

actual-ideal-ought

A

self-discrepancy theory

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8
Q

way we see ourselves as we currently are

A

actual self

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9
Q

the person we would like to be

A

ideal self

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10
Q

our representation of the way others think we should be

A

ought self

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11
Q

our belief in our ability to succeed

A

self-efficacy

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12
Q

refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives
internal vs external

A

locus of control

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13
Q 
oral stage (0-1)
anal stage (1-3) 
phallic or Oedipal stage (3-5)
latency lasts until puberty
genital stage (puberty - adulthood)
A

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

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14
Q

series of crises that derive from conflicts between needs and social demands

A

Erik Erikson’s stages of personality development

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15
Q

first conflict lasts from ages (0 to 1)

A

trust vs mistrust

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16
Q

second personality conflict ages 1 to 3

A

autonomy vs shame and doubt

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17
Q

third personality conflict ages 3 to 6

A

initiative vs guilt

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18
Q

personality conflict 6 to 12

A

industry vs inferiority

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19
Q

personality conflict during adolescence 12 to 20

encompasses physiological revolution

A

identity vs role confusion

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20
Q

main crisis of adulthood 20 to 40

A

intimacy vs isolation

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21
Q

conflict of middle age 40 to 65

A

generativity vs stagnation

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22
Q

crisis of old age 65+

A

integrity vs despair

23
Q

focuses not on resolving conflicts or urges, but rather on the development of moral thinking

A

Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of personality development

24
Q

typical of preadolescent thinking and places emphasis on the consequences of moral choice

A

preconventional morality

25
Q

concerned with avoiding punishment

A

obedience

26
Q

focused on gaining rewards

A

self-interest

27
Q

begins to develop in early adolescence when individuals begin to see themselves in terms of their relationships to others

A

conventional morality

28
Q

places emphasis on the “good boy, nice girl” orientation in which a person seeks the approval of others

A

conformity

29
Q

maintains the social order in the highest regard

A

law and order

30
Q

level of reasoning that is based on social mores, which may conflict with laws

A

postconventional morality

31
Q

view moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure the greater good, with reasoning focused on individual rights

A

social contract

32
Q

decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles

A

Universal human ethics

33
Q

skills and abilities that have not full developed but are in the process of development

A

zone of proximal development by Vugotsky

34
Q

set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors that are characteristic of an individual across time and different locations

A

Personality

35
Q

aim is to achieve immediate gratification to relieve any pent-up tension

A

pleasure principle ID

36
Q

taking into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits the activity of the id and the id’s pleasure principle

A

reality principle ego

37
Q

personality’s perfectionist, judging our actions and responding with pride at our accomplishments and guilt at our failures

A

superego

38
Q

ego’s way of forcing undesired thoughts and urges to the unconscious, and underlies many of the other defense mechanisms, disguise threatening impulses that may find their way back from the unconscious

A

repression

39
Q

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

A

suppression

40
Q

reversion to an earlier developmental stage

A

regression

41
Q

suppress urges by unconsciously converting them into their exact opposites

A

reaction formation

42
Q

individuals attribute their undesired feelings to others

A

projection

43
Q

justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

A

rationalization

44
Q

describes the transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

A

displacement

45
Q

transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

A

sublimation

46
Q

powerful system that is shared among all humans and is considered to be a residue of the experiences of our early ancestors

A

collective unconscious

47
Q

mask that we wear in public, part of our personality that we present to the world

A

persona

48
Q

suppressed female qualities in males

Jung’s man’s inner woman

A

anima

49
Q

male qualities of females

Jung woman’s inner man

A

animus

50
Q

appearance of unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness

A

shadow

51
Q

Adler; individual’s sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially

A

inferiority complex

52
Q

force by which an individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality

A

creative self

53
Q

manifestation of the creative self and describes a person’s unique way of achieving superiority

A

style of life

54
Q

individual is more motivated by expectations of future than past experiences

A

fictional finalism

Behavioral Science (12 decks)

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