Learning Disabilities

Question 1

what genetic change causes downs syndrome

Answer 1

trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 2

what mediations can cause an intellectual disability

Answer 2

phenytoin, valproate and warfarin

Question 3

what substances can cause an intellectual disability

Answer 3

alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, radiations, pollutants, heavy metals

Question 4

what maternal factors/conditions can result in an intellectual disability

Answer 4

Maternal hypoglycaemia, diabetes, hypoxemia and malnutrition, Complications of labour and delivery, preeclampsia,

Question 5

what are some postnatal causes of intellectual disability

Answer 5

1. Infective encephalopathies (viral, bacterial, tuberculous)
2. Traumatic brain injury
3. Chronic lead or other toxic exposure
4. Severe and prolonged malnutrition
5. Inadequate caregiving, low level of stimulation and social deprivation
6. Physical abuse, neglect

Question 6

who is most likely to have an intellectual disability

Answer 6

M>F

Question 7

what are the IQ ranges indicating a ID

Answer 7

50-70 mild
35-49 - moderate
20-34 - severe
<20 - profound

Question 8

what comorbidities can someone with ID also have

Answer 8

mental health issues as well are very common
MORE common than in the general population

Question 9

what behaviours do you get in anxiety disorders

Answer 9

agitation, screaming, crying, withdrawal, regressive/clingy behaviour or freezing, may be elicitable and can be interpreted as behavioural evidence of fear.

Question 10

what is the HELP framework to help understand the evolution of a psychiatric problem

Answer 10

Health, Environment, Lived experience and Psychiatric problems