Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Flashcards
how trauma affects the HPA axis dysfunction
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, responsible for the stress response, can become overactive or underactive.
Difficulties in regulating emotions and stress.
how trauma affects the amygdala
This area, associated with fear and emotional processing, may become hyperactive, leading to increased anxiety and heightened fear responses.
how trauma affects the hippocampus
Responsible for learning and memory, the hippocampus can be negatively impacted, resulting in difficulties with memory formation and retrieval.
how trauma affects the prefrontal cortex
This area, involved in decision-making, impulse control, and planning, may be underdeveloped, leading to challenges in executive functioning.
what is secure attachment
comfortable with intimacy and independence, forming healthy and balanced relationships.
what is anxious-preoccupied attachment
crave intimacy but are often insecure and worry about their partner’s love and commitment.
what is dismissive-avoidant attachment
value independence and may avoid intimacy, appearing emotionally unavailable.
what is fearful-avoidant attachment (disorganised)
desire connection but fear intimacy, often exhibiting unpredictable or chaotic behaviour in relationships.
what 2 neurotransmitters are released in breastfeeding
prolactin and oxytocin
what is neglect
Lack of basic nurturing can lead to serious psychological, emotional and physical delay.
what affects of nurturing neglect have on a child
serious cognitive and social delay
less cortical thickness
delayed language and milestones (walking etc)
what affect does a depressed mother have on the child
more sleep problems, temper tantrums, separation issues and worse peer relationships
what brain changes are seen in mother and infant when depressed
higher cortisol and lower oxytocin
