Eating Disorders Flashcards
what are the main eating disorders
(6)
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Pica
Rumination-regurgitation disorder
what causes an eating disorder
Biology - genetics, allergies etc
Co-morbid - depression, bipolar, substance misuse
Personality - anxious, low self-esteem
social - interpersonal problems with relationships, bullying, trauma etc
what is anorexia
restriction of food intake
associated with body image disturbance and fear of gaining weight
what is bulimia
recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting/ laxative use or excessive exercise
what is binge eating
recurrent episodes of mass eating without compensatory behaviour
what is AFRID (avoidant restrictive food intake disorder)
not eating particular foods resulting in weight loss, and nutritional deficiency
normally with other diagnosis (autism, OCD)
NOT avoiding food to loose weight
what is pica
eating non-consumable foods or objects
what is a healthy BMI range
18.5 to 24.9
what is under-weight ranges
Less than 18.5
what is the overweight ranges
25 to 29.9
what is the function of leptin
inhibits appetite
what are the leptin levels in someone with anorexia
low
(released from adipose tissue which they don’t have)
what happens to leptin levels when someone with anorexia started to gain weight
leptin increases
what is the function of grelin
released by stomach
increases appetite (makes you hungry)
what are the ghrelin levels in an anorexia patient
much higher than a normal person
what is the impact of low leptin in anorexia
increased ACTH, cortisol
reduced TSH
T4 &T3 reduced - reduced sex hormones
how is someone with an eating disorder likely to present to A&E
Syncope
Sports injuries
Fractures
Palpitations, chest pain, MI
Abdo pain
Atypical infections / sepsis
Self-harm – 54%
Substance misuse – 35%
DKA
what are the 3 stages in starvation of how glucose is produced
- glycogen depletion
- ketogenesis (fat metabolised)
- proteins catabolised - organ dysfunction
what are the side effects of long term self induced vomiting and laxative use
low potassium
dental erosion
trauma to mouth and oesophagus
dehydration and electrolyte dysfunction
abdo cramps
what is refeeding syndrome
In a starvation state: endogenous energy stores are catabolised , Insulin production ↓, Electrolytes are ↓especially phosphate, potassium and magnesium
On refeeding insulin production ↑in response to carbohydrate intake. Stimulates electrolyte uptake into cells leading to ↓in already low serum electrolytes. Results in peripheral oedema
drop in what can cause multi-organ failure, coma and death
phosphate
needed for energy production in every cell
what are the signs and symptoms of low phosphate
muscle weakness, SOB, double vision, swallowing prob’s, seizures, coma, cardiomyopathy
what are the signs and symptoms of low magnesium
nausea and vomiting, anorexia, tremors, muscle spasms, seizures, coma, cardiac ischaemia, arrythmia
what are the signs and symptoms of low potassium
muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, constipation, arrythmia, respiratory failure
