Learning book Flashcards
LUX comprpomise and Emptcy cahr crisi
1966 and 1965
UN organs
- o General Assembly:
ECOSOC
Security counicl
ICJ
Secretariat
Trusteeship Council
10 Council configurations
o Agriculture and Fisheries Council (AGRIFISH) – Production of food, rural development and the management of fisheries;
o Competitiveness Council (COMPET) – Internal market, industry, research and innovation and space;
o Economic and Financial Council (ECOFIN) – Economic policy, taxation issues and the regulation of financial services;
o Environment Council (ENV) – Fighting climate change, safeguarding nature and reducing pollution;
o Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) – Improving living and working conditions, health and consumer protection;
o Education, Youth, Culture and Sport Council (EYCS) – Coordination in the areas of education, youth, culture, media and sport;
o Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) – Foreign policy, defence and security, trade, development cooperation and humanitarian aid;
o General Affairs Council (GAC) – Preparation for EU summits and cross-cutting policy areas;
o Justice and Home Affairs Council (JHA) – Migration, freedom, security and justice;
o Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council (TTE) – Infrastructure, trans-European transport, communications and energy networks.
- European Green Pioneer of Smart Tourism:
o 2025 – Benidorm (Spain)
o 2024 - Grosseto (Italy)
Civitas Program
Aids cities in creating sustainable urban transport solutions
Key objectives trade policy
- Economic Growth and Job Creation
Sustianable development - OSA
1970: Common commercial policy officially came into existence
Types of agreement
Association Agreements (AAs): Political, economic, and trade cooperation; often a step toward deeper ties.
Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): Eliminate/reduce tariffs and trade barriers for goods and services.
Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs): Promote trade and development with ACP countries.
Stabilization and Association Agreements (SAAs): Prepare Western Balkans for EU membership.
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas (DCFTAs): Regulatory alignment and deeper integration alongside trade liberalization.
Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreements (CETAs): Broader agreements covering goods, services, investment, and regulatory cooperation.
Interim Agreements
Trade and Cooperation Agreements (TCA): Govern trade relations post-withdrawal or in non-preferential partnerships.
Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs)
Non-Preferential Agreements
- EU Trade Policy Review three dimensions
- o Openness
Sustianbaility
Assertiveness
Key objectives migration
- Asylum: * To develop a common policy on asylum, subsidiary protection and temporary protection
- Migration: * Defining a balanced approach to immigration and prinicple of solidarity
- Mment of external borders:: comon standards for control at external borders
informaton systesm asylum and migration
- SIS Schengen Information System - information sharing system and database that helps to ensure international security in the Schengen area, where there are no internal border checks.
- Eurodac: Tracks asylum applications and secondary movements of migrants
- VIS Visa Information System: allows Schengen States to exchange visa data
- European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS): centralised information system is to collect information on non-EU nationals who do not require a visa to enter the Schengen area, and to identify any potential security or irregular migration risks.
CFSP key objecftives
- Preserve Peace and Strengthen International Security
- Promote International Cooperation
- Advance Human Rights, Democracy, and Rule of Law:
- Strengthen EU’s Strategic Autonomy
Services memtion in TFEU
- activitei so findustiral character
- activitied o commercial character
- activities of craftsmen
- activities of the professins
Restriction sot freedom of moveent goods ZFEU
- public morality, public policy, public security
- prorection of health amd life of humans, animals, plants
- protection of indusrial or comerical property
- ## protection of atinal treasures
Right of innitiative of 1/4th of MS together wiht EC:
- chapter 4 and of TFEU: judicial cooperation in criminal matters, police cooperation
- administrative cooperation in area of freedom securiyt justice
state aid compative with internal market
- aid having social character, granted to individual consumer
- Aid to make good the damage caused by natural disaster or excetiomal circumstances
- aid granted to the ecoomy of certain aras of DE affected by the division of DE.
Aid that could be compatible wiht internal market
- aid to prmote ecoomic deveopment where standar of living is abnormaly low, or serious underemplyoment, and in regions referred to in Art 349
- Aid to promote IPECI, or serious disturbance of economy
- Aid to facilitat ethe development of certain ecoomic activites or of certain economic areas
- aid to promte culture and heritage conservation
INdustrial policy actions in TFEZ
- adapting ot strucutral change
- enrouganing development of undertaings in EU
- encouraging enviornment favourable to cooperation betwen undertaking
- foster better indsuiral potential of policies of innovation, reearch , adn tech development
environmental policy goal
peserving, protecting, and imprivng wuality of environment
- protecitng human healht
- prudent utilisation of nmatural resources
- promoting measures at international level to deal with env problems , in particular climate change
humanitarian princples
impartiality, non-discrimination, neutrality
What EIB should finance based on TFEU
- projects for less-developed regions
- modernisation of undertakings or develooping fresh acitities called for by the establidhment or functioning of internal market, where they cannot be financed alone
- projects of common interest to sveerl MS where they cannot be financed alone
Timeline annual budget
- draf budget proposal by 1 Sep
- Council position by 1 Cotber
- EP reaction in 42 days
- Conciliation committee in 21 days
- 14 days then to vote on agree,ent
Enhanced coopeation 2 proceudres
Not possible in exclusibe competency
- Not CFSP: Prposal to EC, Council special procedure wiht consent of EP
- Wiht CFSP: propsal to HRVP and EC for opinon. Authorisation wiht unanimity and consulation of EP
Methods of CFSP defines in TEU
a) defining the general guidelines;
(b) adopting decisions defining:
(i) actions to be undertaken by the Union;
(ii) positions to be taken by the Union;
(iii) arrangements for the implementation of the decisions referred to in points (i) and (ii);
and by
(c) strengthening systematic cooperation between Member States in the conduct of policy
European Council President Role
a) shall chair it and drive forward its work;
(b) shall ensure the preparation and continuity of the work of the European Council in cooperation
with the President of the Commission, and on the basis of the work of the General Affairs
Council;
(c) shall endeavour to facilitate cohesion and consensus within the European Council;
(d) shall present a report to the European Parliament after each of the meetings of the European
Council
QWM in CFSP
- adopting any decision implementing a decision defining a UNION ACTION or positojn
- when appointing a speciel representative
Ordinary and simplified revision procedure
The ordinary revision procedure concerns key amendments made to the treaties, such as increasing or reducing the competences (areas of legal authority) of the EU. It works as follows.
Any Member State government, the European Parliament or the European Commission may submit to the Council of the European Union a proposal to amend the treaties.
The Council submits these proposals to the European Council (consisting of the Heads of State and Government of the Member States), and the national parliaments are notified.
If the European Council decides to examine the proposed amendments, a convention will be convened by its president composed of representatives of the national parliaments, of the Heads of State or Government of the Member States, of the Parliament and of the Commission. The convention examines the proposals for amendments and shall adopt by consensus a recommendation to a conference of representatives of the governments of the Member States.
A conference of representatives of the governments of Member States is then convened by the President of the European Council with a view to adopting by consensus the proposed amendments to the treaties. The changes apply only after they have been ratified by all Member States.
The European Council may also decide, after obtaining the consent of the Parliament, not to convene a convention if amendments are not of great importance.
simplified revision procedure
Simplified revision procedure
The Treaty of Lisbon creates a simplified procedure for the amendment of the EU’s internal policies and actions (Part III of the TFEU). The objective is to facilitate further European integration in these areas.
This procedure avoids the need to convene the convention and conference of representatives. It requried the Euripean Council to act by unanimity and consulting the EP, EC, and ECB ehere necessary
Amendments to the treaties only apply if they have been ratified by all Member States.
However, the legal authority of the EU may not be extended by means of a simplified revision procedure.
Passere clauses (general)
The general passerelle clause (Article 48 (7) TEU) concerns the two following cases.
1.
Where the TFEU or Title V of the TEU provide for the Council to act by unanimity, the European Council may adopt a decision authorising the Council to act by qualified majority. This possibility does not apply to decisions with military implications and those in the area of defence.
2.
Where the TFEU provides for legislative acts to be adopted by the Council in accordance with a special legislative procedure, the European Council may adopt a decision allowing for the adoption of such an act in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure.
Furthermore, each national parliament has the right to object and prevent the general passerelle clause from being activated.
The EU’s areas of jurisdiction are not changed in either of these cases. Upon receiving notification from the European Council that the use of a general passerelle clause is being proposed, national parliaments have 6 months to register their veto.
In addition, a majority of the Parliament’s component members must give their consent to the use of the passerelle clause. Only then may the European Council approve by unanimity either type of passerelle clause.
Flexibility clause
This clause extends the EU’s powers where a measure appears necessary to attain one of the objectives of the treaties and where the treaties do not provide for the necessary legal authority.
Measures under this provision are adopted by the Council acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after obtaining the consent of the Parliament. They shall not involve harmonisation of Member States’ laws in areas where the treaties exclude such harmonisation.
Passere clauses (special)
The EU treaties also provide for passerelle clauses which apply to six specific policy areas. These six special passerelle clauses apply in the fields of:
1.
common foreign and security policy (Article 31(3) TEU);
2.
family law with cross-border implications (Article 81(3)TFEU);
3.
social policy (Article 153(2) TFEU);
4.
environmental policy (Article 192(2) TFEU);
5.
the multiannual financial framework (Article 312(2) TFEU); and
6.
enhanced cooperation (Article 333 TFEU).
The conditions for adopting legislation in these areas require a less elaborate procedure if the institutions decide to apply a passerelle clause. In the first four cases, it is the Council that decides about the passerelle clauses, while in the last two it is the European Council.
