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DSM5 > Learning and motor disorders > Flashcards

Learning and motor disorders Flashcards

1
Q

6 possible areas of difficulty for specific learning disorder

A

-inaccurate, slow, effortful reading
-reading comprehension
-spelling
-written expression
-mathematical reasoning
-number sense, facts, or calculation

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2
Q

how many areas of difficulty must be present for dx of specific learning disorder and for how long

A

at least one for at least 6 months

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3
Q

how severe do learning difficulties have to be to be classified as a disorder

A

skills substantially lower than expected and interfering with academic/occupational achievement

confirmed by standardized tests and clinical assessment

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4
Q

type specifiers for specific learning disability

A

-with impairment in reading
-with impairment in written expression
-with impairment in mathematics

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5
Q

mild specific learning disorder

A

some difficulty in 1-2 domains and may function fine with some support

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6
Q

moderate specific learning disorder

A

marked difficulty in at least 1 domain and intensive specialized instruction is necessary

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7
Q

severe specific learning disorder

A

severe difficulty in several domains and intensive/special instruction needed for most of school

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8
Q

4 areas of specific learning disorder

A

weak reading
weak language
weak math
weak combined reading/math

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9
Q

typical deficits in learning disorder with impairment in reading

A

-difficulty recognizing words
-slow/inaccurate reading
-poor comprehension
-poor spelling

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10
Q

what is a particularly common comorbidity of specific learning disorder

A

ADHD

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11
Q

characteristic diagnostic features of specific learning disorder with impairment in reading

A

-difficulty recalling, evoking, sequencing printed letters/words
-difficulty processing sophisticated grammatical constructions
-making inferences

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12
Q

core deficits in specific learning disorder with impairment in reading

A

-poor processing of speech sounds
-comprehension, spelling, and sounding out words

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13
Q

four groups of poor achievement for specific learning disability with impairment in mathematics

A

linguistic skills
perceptual skills
mathematical skills
attentional skills

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14
Q

linguistic skills in impairment in mathematics

A

associated with understanding math terms and converting written problems into math symbols

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15
Q

perceptual skills with impairment in mathematics

A

ability to recognize/understand symbols and order clusters of numbers

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16
Q

mathematical skills with impairment in mathematics

A

difficulty with basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and following the order of operations correctly

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17
Q

attentional skills in impairment in mathematics

A

copying figures correctly and observing operational symbols correctly

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18
Q

4 categories of mathematical difficulty

A

-learning to count meaningfully
-mastering cardinal and ordinal systems
-performing arithmetic operations
-envisioning clusters of objects as groups

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19
Q

components of specific learning disorder with impairment in written expression

A

poor spelling
grammatical/punctuation errors
poor handwriting

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20
Q

most common grammatical errors in children with impairments in written expression

A

incorrect tenses
forgetting words in sentences
organizing paragraphs
placing words in the wrong order

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21
Q

what are the 3 types of motor disorders

A

-developmental coordination disorder
-stereotypic movement disorder
-tic disorders

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22
Q

what are the 3 tic disorders

A

tourettes disorder
persistent motor/vocal tic disorder
provisional tic disorder

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23
Q

general definition of developmental coordination disorder

A

ability to gain/use coordinated motor skills markedly below expected for age that interferes with ADLs

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24
Q

manifestations of developmental coordination disorder

A

clumsiness
slowness/inaccuracy of motor skills

25
Q

when is the onset of developmental coordination disorder

A

early developmental period

26
Q

how old do you have to be to be diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder and why

A

at least 5 to account for normal variations in development

27
Q

environmental risk factors for developmental coordination disorder

A

prematurity/low birth weight
prenatal exposure to alcohol

28
Q

general definition of stereotypic movement disorder

A

repetitive, driven, purposeless motor movements that interfere with functioning

29
Q

onset of stereotypic movement disorder

A

early developmental period (typically before 3)

30
Q

specifiers for stereotypic movement disorder

A

with/without self-injurious behavior

if associated w/ known condition

31
Q

mild stereotypic movement disorder

A

sx easily suppressed by sensory stimuli or distraction

32
Q

moderate stereotypic movement disorder

A

sx require explicit protective measures and behavioral modification

33
Q

severe stereotypic movement disorder

A

continuous monitoring/protective measures required to prevent self-injury

34
Q

frequency of movements in stereotypic movement disorder

A

varies from several times daily to once every few weeks

35
Q

when do stereotypic movements usually occur

A

when engrossed in other activities, when excited, stressed, fatigued, or bored

36
Q

when does stereotypic movement disorder typically manifest

A

in the first 3 years of life

37
Q

environmental risk factors for stereotypic movement disorder

A

social isolation
environmental stress can trigger
fear may increase

38
Q

cognitive function as a risk factor for stereotypic movement disorder

A

lower cognitive function increases risk

39
Q

diagnostic criteria for Tourette’s disorder

A

-multiple motor tics
-at least 1 vocal tic
-waxes and wanes
-persisted for 1+ years
-onset before age 18
-not attributable to a substance

40
Q

main difference between Tourette’s and persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

A

only one type of tic required for dx in persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

41
Q

specifiers for persistent motor/vocal tic disorder

A

-motor only
-vocal only

42
Q

diagnostic criteria for provisional tic disorder

A

single or multiple tics that have been present for less than 1 year
onset before 18

43
Q

what preceded tics

A

premonitory urges

44
Q

definition of simple motor tics

A

limited involvement of specific muscle groups that are usually short in duration

45
Q

examples of simple motor tics

A

eye blinking
facial grimacing
shoulder shrugs
extremity extensions

46
Q

definition of complex motor tic

A

often include a combo of simple motor tics and is longer in duration

47
Q

characteristics of complex tic manifestations

A

can appear purposeful
can be an imitation of other’s movements (echopraxia)

48
Q

what is copropraxia

A

complex motor tic that involves sexual or taboo gestures

49
Q

what causes simple vocal tics

A

contraction of the diaphragm or muscles of the oropharynx

50
Q

examples of simple vocal tics

A

throat clearing
sniffs
chirps
barks
grunting

51
Q

palilalia

A

complex vocal tic that includes repeating own words

52
Q

echolalia

A

complex vocal tic that involves repeating last heard words/phrases

53
Q

coprolalia

A

complex vocal tic that involves unacceptable words/phrases
(obscenities and slurs)

54
Q

onset and severity of tic disorders

A

-onset typically 4-6
-peaks between 10-12
-decreases around adolescence (sometimes)

55
Q

can tics change

A

they can change over time

56
Q

differences between tics and stereotypic movements

A

stereotypies lack premonitory urges, are repetitive and rhythmic, and subside with distraction

57
Q

chorea

A

rapid, abrupt, irregular, unpredictable movements that are usually bilat and vary moment to moment

58
Q

dystonia

A

simultaneous sustained contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles that results in distorted posture/movements and is not seen during sleep

59
Q

common tic disorder comorbidities

A

ADHD
disruptive behaviors
OCD

DSM5 (18 decks)

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