Autism and ADHD

Question 1

What are the 2 deficient areas that must be present for dx of Autism

Answer 1

-social communication/interaction
-restrictive, repetitive behaviors/interests

Question 2

What are the 3 deficits that must be present to meet the first criteria for autism

Answer 2

-social-emotional reciprocity
-nonverbal communication
-interpersonal relationships

Question 3

severity specifiers

Answer 3

requiring support
requiring substantial support
requiring very substantial support

Question 4

5 additional Specifiers (other than severity) for Autism diagnosis

Answer 4

-w/ or w/o intellectual impairment
-w/ or w/o language impairment
-associated w/ known genetic, medical, or environmental factor
-associated w/ neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral problem
-w/ or w/o catatonia

Question 5

when do sx of Autism present

Answer 5

Early childhood

Question 6

4 possible manifestations of restrictive/repetitive patterns and how many must be present for dx

Answer 6

At least 2 must be present:
-stereotypes repetitive motor movement, use of objects, speech
-rigid adherence to routines or ritualized pattern of behavior
-highly restricted/fixed interests w/ abnormal intensity/focus
-hyper/hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusually interested in sensory stimuli

Question 7

Recording procedures for autism

Answer 7

-note level of support needed
-note with/without intellectual impairment
-note with/without language impairment

Question 8

severity specifiers: Level 1 - requiring support

Answer 8

-deficits in social communication are noticeable w/o support
-decreased interest in social interaction
-attempts to make friends odd/unsuccessful
-inflexible behavior causes significant impairment w/o support

Question 9

severity specifiers: Level 3 - requiring very substantial support

Answer 9

-severe deficits in communication skills
-minimal response to and initiation of social interaction
-restricted/repetitive behaviors and inflexibility causes significant distress across all domains

Question 10

severity specifiers: Level 2 - requiring substantial support

Answer 10

-marked deficits in social communication/functioning even with supports in place
-limited initiation of social interaction and abnormal response to initiation by others
-inflexible or stereotyped behavior apparent to observers

Question 11

theory of mind deficit

Answer 11

inability to see things from another person’s point of view

Question 12

environmental risk factors for autism

Answer 12

advanced maternal age
prematurity
prenatal exposure to teratogens

Question 13

genetic risk factors for autism

Answer 13

family hx

Question 14

what are some autism diagnostic issues specific to females

Answer 14

-dx is usually made later
-more often have intellectual disability and epilepsy
-repetitive behaviors less evident
-restricted interests may be more developmental typical with abnormal intensity

Question 15

which gender is affected more frequently by autism

Answer 15

males

Question 16

diagnostic criteria for ADHD

Answer 16

-persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity that is present before age 12
-must be present in 2+ settings
-interferes with functioning

Question 17

how many symptoms must be present to meet criteria for inattentive presentation of ADHD

Answer 17

6+ for at least 6 months
5 in adults/older adolescents

Question 18

9 symptoms of inattention for ADHD

Answer 18

-lack attention to detail/careless mistakes
-hard to keep focused
-appears to not listen
-fails to follow instructions, complete homework, chores, etc
-problems organizing tasks
-avoids activities requiring sustained focus
-often loses things
-easily distracted
-forgetful

Question 19

how many symptoms must be present to meet criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity presentation of ADHD

Answer 19

6+ for at least 6 months
5 for adults/older adolescents

Question 20

9 possible symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity criteria

Answer 20

-fidgets/squirms
-leaves seat when inappropriate
-runs/climbs when inappropriate
-unable to be quiet in play
-constantly on the go
-talks excessively
-blurts out answers before question is done
-cant waite for their turn
-often interrupts

Question 21

-presentation specifiers for ADHD

Answer 21

-combined
-predominately inattentive
predominately hyperactive/impulsive

Question 22

mild ADHD specifier

Answer 22

few, if any sx that exceed what is needed for dx

Question 23

moderate ADHD specifier

Answer 23

severity between mild and severe

Question 24

severe ADHD specifier

Answer 24

many sx beyond what is required for dx
OR
several sx are severe in nature
OR
sx cause marked impairment in functioning

Question 25

Is ADHD more frequent in males or females

Answer 25

males

Question 26

environmental risk factors for ADHD

Answer 26

-very low birthweight
-prematurity
-prenatal exposure to smoking

Question 27

difference in presentation of ADHD in females

Answer 27

more likely to present with primarily inattentive features

Question 28

what disorders are likely to develop in adolescents with ADHD

Answer 28

conduct disorder
substance abuse

Question 29

what disorders are likely to develop in adults with ADHD

Answer 29

antisocial personality disorder
substance abuse