Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psychology > Learning And Conditoning > Flashcards

Learning And Conditoning Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change in behaviors due to experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Behaviorism

A

An approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the role of the environment as a determinate of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Conditioning

A

A basic kind if learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and organisms responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classical conditioning

A

A neutral stimulus that is made to have a new feel arise with an unconditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unconditioned stimulus

A

A stimulus that natural causes a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Unconditioned response

A

The reflexive response that elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neutral stimulus

A

Becomes the conditioned stimulus after classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conditioned stimulus

A

The classical conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that brings out a conditioned response after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Conditioned response

A

A response that is brought by a conditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classical conditioning

A

The process by which the neutral stimulus elicit a response through learning with a stimulus that elicit a similar response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CC extinction:

A

The disappearance of a phobia. Presenting the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus and disappears after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CC spontaneous recovery

A

The reappearance of classical conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CC high order conditioning

A

When an already classically conditioned a second stimulus attached to the first one then also become classically conditioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CC generalization

A

After a stimulus become conditioned stimulus for a certain response, similar stimulus may also become conditioned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CC discrimination

A

The tendency to respond differently to two or more similar stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Flooding

A

Where some body is exposed intensely with what they fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

Negative reinforcement; a type of counter conditioning that associates unpleasant feeling with bad behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Counter conditioning

A

Positive reinforcement; the process of paring a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that evokes positive feeling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

A step by step process to eliminate phobias by slowly bringing someone closer to what they fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Food aversions

A

People avoid food after it has made them sick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Placebo

A

May cause reduced pain and anxiety because of expectations of treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Deliberate desirable behavior that becomes more or less likely depending on rewards and punisher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Edward Thorndike’s law if effect

A

Behavior is stamped in by satisfying effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

“Radical Behaviorism” to understand behavior one should focus on the external causes of an action

25
Q

Primary reinforcer

A

Naturally reinforcing because it satisfies biological needs

26
Q

Primary punisher

A

A stimulus that is inherently punishing

27
Q

Secondary reinforcers

A

A stimulus that acquired reinforcing properties through association

28
Q

Secondary punishers

A

A stimulus that is acquired punishing properties through associations

29
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Increases behavior in a subject by giving them something they like

30
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Reinforcement that takes something away to increase an actions

31
Q

Positive punishment

A

Giving something to decrease behavior

32
Q

Negative punishment

A

Taking something away to decrease a behavior

33
Q

OC extinction

A

A procedure that causes a previously reinforced behavior to stop. The reinforcer must be removed or no longer available

34
Q

OC generalization

A

The tendency for a response that has been reinforced or punished to be present in another stimulus response

35
Q

OC discrimination

A

The tendency for the response to just happen in the case of a specific stimulus

36
Q

OC discriminative stimulus

A

A stimulus that signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain consequence

37
Q

Continuous reinforcement

A

Quickest way to extinct a behavior; a reinforcement. Is schedule I. Which a particular response is always reinforced

38
Q

Intermittent reinforcement

A

A reinforcement schedule in which a particular response is sometimes but not always reinforced. Best way to change a behavior

39
Q

Fixed

A

A set time or number

40
Q

Variable

A

You never know what you are going to get

41
Q

Ratio

A

Number interval, passing of time

42
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement occurred after a set number of responses. How many times you have to do something before you are rewarded

43
Q

Variable ratio schedule

A

Reinforcement occurs after a unknown number of responses

44
Q

Fixed interval schedule

A

Reinforcement is given after a set amount of time has passed

45
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

Reinforcement is given after a unknown amount if time

46
Q

Shaping: OC

A

An operant conditioning procedure in which a successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced

47
Q

Successive approximations

A

Shaping behaviors that see ordered in terms of increasing similarity to desired response

48
Q

Instinctive drift

A

During operant learning the tendency or an organism to revert to instinctive behavior

49
Q

Determinist view

A

We are shaped by our involvement and genes

50
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

A learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed. The more we are exposed the more we like it

51
Q

Behavior modification: applied behavior analysis

A

The applications of operant conditioning techniques to each new responses or reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior

52
Q

Habituation

A

Learning motto respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus

53
Q

Extrinsic reinforcers

A

Reinforcers that are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced

54
Q

Intrinsic reinforcers

A

Reinforcers that are inherently related to the activity being reinforced

55
Q

Over justification effect

A

When people focus on the extrinsic reward as their motives for an activity, they begin to lose their intrinsic interest

56
Q

Latent learning

A

A form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response, it occurs without obvious reinforcement

57
Q

Cognitive map

A

Mental image of an areas layout

58
Q

Social learning theory

A

Emphasizes how behavior is learned and maintained through observation and imitation of others

59
Q

Observational learning

A

A process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behavior of another rather than through direct experience

AP Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions