Chapter 14: Development

Question 0

Maturation

Answer 0

The sequence of unfolding of genetically influenced behavior and physical characteristics

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The process by which children learn the behaviors, attitudes and expectations required them by society and culture

Question 2

Germinal stage

Answer 2

Begins at conception, when the male sperm unites with the female ovum.

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

Fertilized single cell egg

Question 4

Embryonic stage

Answer 4

Starts at implantation (2 weeks after conception) last until 8 week after conception.

Question 5

Fetal stage

Answer 5

After 8 weeks, develops organs and systems

Question 6

Fetus

Answer 6

The embryo growth after 8 weeks

Question 7

Teratogen

Answer 7

Any substance (disease or chemical) that increases the risk of abnormalities in fetal development.

Question 8

Imprinting

Answer 8

The rapid and early learning of permanent behavior

Question 9

Motor reflexes

Answer 9

Automatic behaviors that are necessary for survival

Question 10

Babinski reflex

Answer 10

In response to a touch on the bottom of the feet, baby’s toes Dan outward and then curl in.

Question 11

Synchrony

Answer 11

The adjustment of one persons nonverbal behavior to coordinate with another’s.

Question 12

Moro or startle

Answer 12

An infant throws its arms out and arches it’s back in response to a loud noise or physical shock

Question 13

Emotional attachment

Answer 13

A universal capacity of all primates and is crucial for health and survival all through life the first attachment for an infant is usually a mom.

Question 14

John bowlby

Answer 14

Observed the devastating effects on babies raised in orphanages without touches and other children raised by neglect. The babies were physically healthy but emotionally deprived.

Question 15

Safe base

Answer 15

Allows babies to form trust; by becoming attached to caregiver children create a base from which they can explore the world from, but always return to safety.

Question 16

Contact comfort

Answer 16

In primates the innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; it is the basis of the infants first attachment

Question 17

Margaret and Harry Harlow’s rhesus monkeys

Answer 17

Demonstrated the importance of contact comfort with the monkeys and artificial mothers. The monkeys choose the mother that have comfort over the one that provide nourishment.

Question 18

Separation anxiety

Answer 18

The distress that most children develop at about 6-8 months of age, when the primary caregivers temporarily them with strangers

Question 19

Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation:

Answer 19

A mother plays with a baby in a room, leaves to play with a stranger and then leaves again leaving the baby all alone to see how the baby reacts in each situation.

Question 20

Securely attached

Answer 20

Crying or protecting when a parent leaves the room and happy when they return

Question 21

Avoidant

Answer 21

Not caring if the parents leaves and makes little effort up their return.

Question 22

Anxious ambivalent

Answer 22

Resisting contact at reunion but protesting if the parent leaves

Question 23

Parentese

Answer 23

The adult use of baby talk which helps the baby learn the rhythm of language

Question 24

Telegraphic speech

Answer 24

A child’s first word combinations which omit unnecessary words

Question 25

Assimilation

Answer 25

Children’s minds constantly adapting to new situations and experiences

Question 26

Accommodations

Answer 26

Children must also change their mental categories for new experiences.