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AP Psychology > Learning and Conditioning > Flashcards

Learning and Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

Learning

A

change of behavior in response to experience

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2
Q

Habituation

A

growing accustomed to a stimulation of experience

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3
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

learning through the association of two stimuli

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

theory that all behaviors are determined by external stimuli

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5
Q

Cognitive Learning

A

view that learning is an active mental possess of knowing/ thinking/ remembering

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6
Q

Stimulus

A
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7
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A
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8
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A
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9
Q

Unconditioned Response

A
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10
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A
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11
Q

Conditioned Response

A
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12
Q

Acquisition

A
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13
Q

Extinction

A
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14
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A
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15
Q

Higher Order Conditioning

A
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16
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A
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17
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A
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18
Q

Preparedness

A
19
Q

Taste Aversion

A
20
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

learning where behavior is more of less likely when connected to a reinforcer

21
Q

Law of Effect

A

principle that pleasurable effects lead to an event being more likely and disliked effects lead to less likely

22
Q

Reinforcement

A

anything that strengthens the behavior that follows

23
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

administration of a positive stimuli

24
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

removing an aversive stimuli

25
Q

Shaping

A

guiding behaviors closer and closer to the desired effect

26
Q

Primary Reinforcers

A

innately rewarding by satisfying a biological need

27
Q

Secondary Reinforcers

A

rewards with power in their connection to primary reinforcers

28
Q

Continuous Reinforcement

A

the desired behavior is reinforced every time

29
Q

Instinctive Drift

A

unnatural behaviors will revert back to what they will naturally do

30
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

after a specific number of actions

31
Q

Fixed Interval

A

after a specific amount of time

32
Q

Variable Ratio

A

an unpredictable number of actions

33
Q

Variable Interval

A

an unpredictable amount of time

34
Q

Punishment

A

event that aims to decrease the behavior it follows

35
Q

Positive Punishment

A

administers an aversive stimulus

36
Q

Negative Punishment

A

removal of a pleasant stimulus

37
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

passive resignation learned when unable to avoid aversive events

38
Q

Latent Learning

A

learning that is not noticeable until there is a need to demonstrate it

39
Q

Cognitive Map

A

the mental layout of one’s environment

40
Q

Insight Learning

A

sudden realization of a problem’s solution

41
Q

Observational Learning

A

learning through watching others

42
Q

Modeling

A

process of observing and imitating specific behavior

43
Q

Mirror Neurons

A

AP Psychology (18 decks)

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