Learning Flashcards
Define learning
a process by which experience produces a relatively enduring change in an organism’s behavior or capabilities
What are the types of basic learning processes
Non-associative learning
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
What is non-associative learning and classical conditioning
Non-associative learning - response to repeated stimuli
Classical conditioning - learning what events signal
What is Operant conditioning
and Observational learning
Operant conditioning - learning one thing leads to another
Observational learning - learning from others
What is habituation
Decrease in the strength of a response to a repeated stimulus
What is sensitisation
Increase in the strength of response to a repeated stimulus
What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that elicits a reflexive or innate response (the UCR) without prior learning
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that, through association with a UCS, comes to elicit a conditioned response similar to the original UCR
What is an unconditioned response (UCR)
A reflexive or innate response that is elicited by a stimulus (the UCS) without prior learning
What is a conditioned response (CR)
A response elicited by a conditioned stimulus
When is classical conditioning strongest
There are repeated CS-UCS pairings
The UCS is more intense
The sequence involves forward pairing (i.e. CS -> UCS)
The time interval between the CS and UCS is short
Describe the extinction of conditioning
CR remains as long as there is CS-UCS pairings
When there is a CS alone, the CR/effect becomes smaller
What is stimulus generalisation
A tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar, but not identical , to a conditioned stimulus
Describe the differences in response with stimulus generalisation
Similar stimuli will also elicit the CR, but in a weaker form
500Hz tone elicits the CR, tones of similar frequency will also elicit CR, the closer the tone to the original the stronger the response
What is stimulus discrimination
The ability to respond differently to various stimuli