Adherence to Treatment

Question 1

Define compliance

Answer 1

the action or fact of applying with a wish or command

Question 2

Define adherence

Answer 2

attachment or commitment to a person, cause, or belief

Question 3

Define concordance

Answer 3

the extent to which patients are successfully supported both in decision making partnerships about medicines and in their medicines taking

Question 4

Give examples of direct methods of measuring non-adherence

Answer 4

Directly observed therapy
Measurement of level of medicine / metabolite in the blood
Measurement of biologic marker in the blood

Question 5

Give examples of indirect methods of measuring non-adherence

Answer 5

Patient questionnaire
Patient self-report
Pill counts
Rates of prescription refills
Electronic medication monitors
Patient diaries

Question 6

What is the overall average rate of adherence to treatment in long-term conditions in developed countries

Answer 6

50%

Question 7

What are the consequences of non-adherence

Answer 7

Poor health outcomes

Increased healthcare costs

Question 8

What is the difference between unintentional and intentional non-adherence

Answer 8

Unintentional - patient ability and resources → Practical barriers to adherence

Intentional - patient beliefs and motivations → perceptual barriers to adherence

Question 9

What is the COM-B model

Answer 9

Intended as a starting point for choosing interventions that are most likely to be effective and forms the “hub” of a behaviour change wheel around which are nine intervention functions and seven categories of policy

Question 10

What is the performance behaviour caused by

Answer 10

Interaction between:
Capability
Opportunity
Motivation

Question 11

What may lead to low adherence

Answer 11

Doubts about necessity and concerns about potential adverse effects