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Y2 Psychology > Health Behaviour Change > Flashcards

Health Behaviour Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some changes in causes of death that have happened since 1900

A

Increase in lifestyle-related diseases e.g. circulatory

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2
Q

What proportion of persistent cigarette smokers are killed by smoking

A

Half

A quarter while still in middle age

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3
Q

What is the no. 1 cause of preventable illness and death

A

Smoking

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4
Q

What is the current prevalence of smokers in the UK

A

19%

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5
Q

What proportion of men and women are overweight or obese

A

7/10 men (66.4%)

6/10 women (57.5%)

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6
Q

What are the 5 modern day killers

A 
Dietary excess
Alcohol consumption 
Lack of exercise
Smoking 
Unsafe sexual behaviour
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7
Q

What are the levels of behaviour change interventions

A

Population
Community
Individual

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8
Q

Describe the tole of education in health behaviour change

A

Information does have an important role and is most effective for discrete behaviours
Messages tailored to a particular audience are more effective
But people need more than knowledge to change habitual lifestyle behaviours

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9
Q

What are the cues for unhealthy eating

A

Visual (eg. fast food signs, sweets at checkout)
Auditory (eg. ice cream bell)
Olfactory (eg. smell of baking bread)
Location (eg. the couch or car)
Time (eg. evening)/ Events (eg. end of TV programme)
Emotional (eg. bored, stressed, sad, happy)

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10
Q

How does positive reinforcement play into unhealthy eating

A

Dopamine (feel good), filling an empty void/boredom.

Praise for preparing a high-fat meal for the family

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11
Q

How does negative reinforcement play into unhealthy eating

A

Avoid painful emotions by comfort eating

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12
Q

How does punishment play into unhealthy eating

A

Preparing a low fat meal is criticised

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13
Q

Describe the effect of limited/delayed positive reinforcement for healthy eating

A

Efforts at dietary change/weight loss go unnoticed by others; Avoiding future health problems is too remote

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14
Q

Describe the stimulus control techniques of behaviour modification

A

Keep ‘danger’ foods out of the house
Avoid keeping biscuits in the same cupboard as tea & coffee
Eat only at the dining table
Use small plates
Do not watch TV at the same time as eating

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15
Q

What is counter conditioning in behaviour modification

A

Identify ‘high-risk’ situations/cues (e.g. stress) and ‘healthier’ responses:
E.g. Can you think of something other than eating that makes you feel better? Maybe something relaxing or exercise?

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16
Q

Give examples of contingency management

A

Involve significant others to praise healthy eating choices
Plan specific rewards for successful weight loss
Vouchers for adherence to healthy eating & weight loss.

17
Q

What are some naturally occurring reinforcers of behaviour modification

A

Improved self-esteem (positive reinforcement).

Reduction in symptoms of breathlessness (negative reinforcement).

18
Q

What are the limitations of reinforcement programmes

A

Lack of generalization (only affects behaviour regarding the specific trait that is being rewarded)
Poor maintenance (rapid extinction of the desired behaviour once the reinforcer disappears)
Impractical and expensive

19
Q

What is the expectancy-value principle

A

The potential for a behaviour to occur in any specific situation is a function of the expectancy that the behaviour will lead to a particular outcome and the value of that outcome

20
Q

What is susceptibility

A

“A lot of people I know have got flu symptoms”

21
Q

What is seriousness

A

“It’s not something to really worry about”

22
Q

What thoughts may plays into the decision to get a flu vaccine

A 
Susceptibility 
Seriousness
Benefits
Costs/barriers
Cues
23
Q

What is outcome efficacy

A

Individuals expectation that the behaviour will lead to a particular outcome

24
Q

What is elf efficacy

A

Belief that one can execute the behaviour required to produce the outcome

25
Q

What factors influence self efficacy

A

Mastery experience
Social learning
Verbal persuasion or encouragement
Physiological arousal

26
Q

Self efficacy is an example of what in the theory of planned behaviour

A

Internal control factors

27
Q

Perceived costs/barriers is an example of what in the theory of planned behaviour

A

Perceived costs/barriers

28
Q

What are the stages of change in the trans theoretical model

A 
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action 
Maintenance
Relapse

Y2 Psychology (14 decks)

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