Learning

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

The process in which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior

Question 2

Conditioning (training)

Answer 2

The acquisition of fairly specific patterns of behavior

Question 3

Stimulus

Answer 3

Anything in an environment that causes a response

Question 4

Response

Answer 4

An observable behavior in reaction to a stimulant

Question 5

Classical conditioning

Answer 5

Learning in which a stimulus does not elicit a given response is repeatedly link with one that does until the NS elicits the given response on its own

Question 6

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer 6

Unconditional stimulus; leads to response w/o training

Question 7

Unconditioned Response

Answer 7

Unconditional response; automatic response to a UCS

Question 8

NC/CS

Answer 8

Neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus; initially causes the reaction/ a CS after training

Question 9

CR

Answer 9

Conditioned response; formally a NS that now causes a response as a result of training.

Question 10

Pavlov’s dogs

Answer 10

Trained his dogs to salivate when they heard a bell ring by repeatedly giving the dogs beef powder immediately after he sounded the bell

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

Reduction of a CR to a CS because it has been repeatedly presented w/o the UCS

The subject learns that the CS no longer has meaning

Question 12

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 12

After a response has become extinct and a period of time has passed, if the subject is randomly presented the CS the CR will reappear

Question 13

Higher order learning

Answer 13

Works best if the original stimulus and response are strong

As you move away from the original CS, the CR will becomes gradually weaker

Question 14

John Watson

Answer 14

The father of behaviorism

Theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning

Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment

Question 15

Tabula rossa

Answer 15

We come into the world with the world to “write on us”

Question 16

Generalization

Answer 16

Having a similar response to a similar stimulus

Question 17

Preparedness

Answer 17

Some stimuli serve readily as a CS because the link to behavior makes sense and is understandable

Question 18

Contra-preparedness

Answer 18

Stimuli that seem un-related to the behavior or opposed to the behavior will take longer to learn

Question 19

Wolpe (phobias)

Answer 19

Object is linked with a frightening stimulus

Question 20

The law of effect

Answer 20

Responses which one closely followed by satisfaction will be repeated and those followed by something unpleasant will be less likely to occur

Question 21

Bf skinner

Answer 21

Uses consequence to strengthen the relationship between the stimulus and response

Question 22

Reinforcement

Answer 22

Increases the chance of behavior will occur given a certain stimulus (ALWAYS)

Question 23

Positive reinforcement

Answer 23

Increase a behavior through reward