cognition and language

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

acquiring and using new info

Question 2

language

Answer 2

must be flexible
phonemes- smallest unit of speech no meaning
morphemes- smallest meaningful unit of speech

Question 3

Noam Chomsky

Answer 3

surface structure- certain words and the grammar used to construct it

deep structure- the underlying meaning of the sentence

Question 4

images

Answer 4

mental representation of a sensory experience.

images allow nonverbal thought representations

Question 5

prototype

Answer 5

model that represents all other members within a concept

Question 6

degree of category membership

Answer 6

you use the information at hand to determine the most sensible category

Question 7

trial and error

Answer 7

successful only with a limited number of choices

Question 8

information retrieval

Answer 8

works well if problem has concrete facts

Question 9

algorithms

Answer 9

guarantee a solution if used correctly

Question 10

heuristic

Answer 10

simplify problem but don’t guarantee a solution

Question 11

hill climbing

Answer 11

always move forward

Question 12

subgoals

Answer 12

break problem into manageable pieces

Question 13

means end

Answer 13

analyze situation, and look at goal

Question 14

working backwards

Answer 14

start at solution and see if it shows the steps that leads to it

Question 15

representativeness

Answer 15

the new situation is judged on the basis of its resemblance to a stereotypical model.

Question 16

availability

Answer 16

a decision is based on information that is most easily retrieved from memory.

Question 17

obstacle-motivation

Answer 17

i dont care or want to remain on task

Question 18

obstacle-emotion

Answer 18

can cause interference (choke)

Question 19

obstacle-set

Answer 19

tendency to perceive or approach problems in a certain way

Question 20

obstacle-functional fixedness

Answer 20

use an object only what it is designed for

Question 21

creativity

Answer 21

ability to generate novel combinations of existing elements

Question 22

divergent thinking

Answer 22

start at central idea and move out

Question 23

convergent thinking

Answer 23

thinking is directed towards one solution

Question 24

insight

Answer 24

a seemingly arbitrary flash that solves the problem

Question 25

deductive reasoning

Answer 25

attempt to draw conclusions from a set of initial assertions

Question 26

syllogism

Answer 26

problem that tests the logical reasoning using 2 premises and a conclusion

Question 27

inductive reasoning

Answer 27

moves from particular to general
figure out what the general problem is
must be careful with confirmation bias

Question 28

interesting idea

Answer 28

your thoughts are shaped by and limited by your language

Question 29

anthropomorphism

Answer 29

projecting human characteristics on to non human creatures

chimps-analogies
chimps and orangutang-self awareness