Development Flashcards
Cross sectional study
Examines developmental changes by observing or testing people of different ages at the same point in time
Problem of cross sectional studies
Cohorts- group born during the same period in history
Longitudinal study
Examines changes by testing the same 2 people or more times as they grow
Problems with longitudinal study
Assessment techniques may not be the same over time
Time and cost
People die, move, drop out
Biographical or retrospective study
Start with an older person and then ask them to recall something from an earlier point in their life
Problem with biographical or retrospective study
Memory is not always accurate
Conception
The time when the sperm fertilizes the egg
Zygote
The fertilized egg
First week of conception
Differentiation of cells begins
Specialization function has begun
2nd week of conception
The zygote attaches in the outer wall of uterus
Placenta forms
Inner Cells become embryos
Weeks 2-8 of conception
Embryo forms heartbeat, liver
Makes red blood cells
Week 9-end of term of conception
Fetus
Teratogens
Toxins that can reach the embryo or fetus during pregnancy
Neonates (newborn):-reflexes
Rooting Sucking Grasping Stepping Righting Startle Babinski
Easy babies
Eat/sleep reg schedule
Handle change easily
Difficult babies
Don’t handle discomfort well
Irregular eat/sleep schedule
“Slow to warm up” babies
Fussy negative
Slow to change
Vision
8-10 inches from focal point
By 4 months their vision is 20/30
Babies brain development
Ages 3-6 most activity is in the frontal lobe
Maturation
Process the determines changes in behavior and cognitive abilities
Not impacted by environment
Motor development
Developmental norms are established by collecting large amounts of data from people presumed to be normal
Proximodistal development
Motor development moves out from center core
Babies move both arms at the same time from shoulders
Babies thinking
Visual cliff
Preference
Gaze longer at shapes that have the characteristics of human faces
Colors more preferred than others
Measured through speed and strength of suck
Recognition
Recognizes moms smell, heartbeat, voice, face
Habituation
Look longer at new images than old images
Jean Piaget
Interested in learning how kids think
Studied his own children and noticed they went through stages of development
Same order, same time
