Learning 2

Question 1

What is Cognitive learning and it’s steps

Answer 1

Cognitive learning is a gestaltist approach. Whole skill is performed.
Involves problem solving
Previous experience is used

Question 2

What is a schema

Answer 2

Schemes are motor programs which can be adapted easily. Thy are developed by past experiences.

Question 3

Intervening variables

Answer 3

Intervening variable is time between receiving problem and working out solution and the process of working out solution.

Question 4

What is bandura theory/social learning theory about learning

Answer 4

Bandura theorised that people learn by observing others and this was contrary to behaviourist theories.

Question 5

What are factors affecting copying of demonstration

Answer 5

Factors affecting copying of demonstration include:
Role model,
repetition,
motivation

Question 6

When is a demonstration effective

Answer 6

Demonstration is effective when it’s relevant, accurate and status of model. If person respects model more, then they will pay more attention.
Physical and mental readiness.
Motivation

Question 7

Describe bandura ‘s model

Answer 7

Bandura’s model goes
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation

Question 8

How do athletes retain demonstration

Answer 8

Demonstration is retained as mental image thus clarity of image is significant.
Brightness - image is retained better if model is bright.
Performer can mentally rehearse. Better retained if verbal guidance

Question 9

When does motor reproduction work

Answer 9

Motor reproduction works when:
Athlete must be physically and mentally ready.
Helps if athlete have understanding of skill.
When athletes are producing skill, they need feedback

Question 10

What is attention and what is it affected by

Answer 10

Attention is that performer must pay attention to demonstration and focus on important cues (cueing). Attention is perceptual.
It is affected by perceived attractiveness of model, competence of model, status of model.

Question 11

What is psychomotor

Answer 11

psychomotor means they translate info from image into reproducing movement skill as a physical pattern and being motivated to repeat.

Question 12

What is retention and what can it be improved by

Answer 12

Retention means observer must be able to remember model that is presented to create a mental picture of behaviour.
Mental rehearsal can improve retention of mental image.

Question 13

Motor reproduction

Answer 13

Motor reproduction is when learner attempts to copy movement. Performer must be physically able to perform skill

Question 14

What is motivation

Answer 14

Motivation is Performer must be motivated to watch demonstration and copy it.

Question 15

Strengths of social learning theory

Answer 15

Strengths of social theory include
Very applicable to sporting situations - imitation of motor skills occurs a lot when observing athletes.
Able athletes often used as method of coaching
Can motivate performer if role model is looked up to.

Question 16

Weaknesses of social learning theory

Answer 16

Weaknesses include: if demonstration is incorrect, performer may create wrong mental image
May demotivate performer is role models behaviour is too complex

Question 17

What are dis adv of cognitive learning

Answer 17

Did adv of cognitive learning are:
Skills may be too complex e.g tennis serve
Skill may be too dangerous e.g tumbling routine