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Psychology 12 > Learning 2 > Flashcards

Learning 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is learning?

A

A relatively permanent change in behaviour or acquisition of knowledge/skills as a result of experience

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2
Q

What classical conditioning

A

form of learning that involves repeated association of 2 stimuli creating a response when it shouldn’t naturally occur with one stimulus.

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3
Q

What type of learner is involved in the 3 conditioning types?

A

passive, active, active

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4
Q

Is the stimulus before or after in the 2 conditioning types?

A

before, after

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5
Q

What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?

A

before, during and after

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6
Q

What does the before stage consist of?

A

NS has no association and doesn’t produce UCR

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7
Q

What does the during stage consist of?

A

NS is repeated paired with UCS to create UCR

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8
Q

What does the after stage consist of?

A

NS becomes CS and is able to produce UCR (now CR) on its own (involuntarily)

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9
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCR)?

A

stimulus that produces unconscious response (UCR)

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10
Q

What is a neutral stimulus (NS)?

A

stimulus that produces no significant response

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11
Q

What is a conditioned response (CR)?

A

an involuntary response triggered by the CS alone

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12
Q

What is a unconditioned response (UCS)?

A

naturally occurring behaviour in response the unconditioned stimulus (UCR)

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13
Q

What is extinction?

A

disappearance of conditioned response

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14
Q

What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

A

stimulus that produces conditioned response (CR) that occurs involuntary

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15
Q

What is acquisition?

A

development of a CR through repeated association between UCS and NS

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16
Q

What is spontaneous response?

A

rest period after an extinction in which the CR response reappears

17
Q

What is stimulus generation?

A

tendency for a stimulus to produce a similar CR

18
Q

What is stimulus discrimination?

A

CR only effects the one original stimulus

19
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

three stage learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behaviour occurring is determined by the consequences of that behaviour

20
Q

What are the four types of consequences in operant conditioning?

A

positive (addition of stimulus) and negative (removal of stimulus), reinforcement (desirable) and punishment (undesirable)

21
Q

What are the three stages of operant conditioning in order?

A

antecedent, behaviour and consequence

22
Q

What is the antecedent stage of operant learning?

A

1st stage, in which the stimulus or event that triggers the behaviour occurs

23
Q

What is the behaviour stage of operant learning?

A

the voluntary actions that occur in presence of antecedent

24
Q

What is the consequence stage of operant learning?

A

outcome of behaviour that determines likelihood of reoccurring

25
Q

What is observational learning?

A

socio-cognitive approach to learning that occurs when an individual’s future behaviour is effected by viewing a models’s actions and consequences

25
Q

What the the 3 things that the effectiveness of operant conditioning rely on?

A

order (correctly ordered -> better)
timing (quicker response -> better)
appropriateness (better/more appropriate consequence -> better)

26
Q

What is the most active type of conditioning?

A

observational learning

27
Q

What is a socio-cognitive approach to learning?

A

a learning approach that involves both social setting and cognitive processes

28
Q

What are the 5 stages of observational learning in order?

A

attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement

29
Q

What does the retention stage include?

A

learner stores mental representation of behaviour

29
Q

What does the attention stage include?

A

learner actively watches model

29
Q

What does the reproduction stage include?

A

learner has mental and physical ability to perform ability

30
Q

What does the motivation stage include?

A

learner has desire to imitate behaviour

31
Q

What does the reinforcement stage include?

A

learner experiences positive outcome after performing behaviour

32
Q

What are the 2 motivation types?

A

intrinsic (occurs within individual) and extrinsic (occurs from external factors)

33
Q

What are the 3 reinforcement types?

A

self (internal factors), external (external factors) and vicarious (observing reinforcement of others)

34
Q

What are the advantages of the ways of learning?

A

learn about entire topic, community focused, long lasting and proven

34
Q

What are the disadvantages of the ways of learning?

A

growth mindset is necessary, some oppose inclusion of all content

35
Q

What are the main differences between the ways of learning and observational learning?

A

model can be fiction, multimodal system, highlights importance of relationships and has strong relations to country

Psychology 12 (11 decks)

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