Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psych > Learning > Flashcards

Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What did Ivan Pavlov do

A

Discovered a kind of learning while studying dogs and deduced the principle of classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who discovered a kind of learning while studying dogs and deduced the principle of classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is classical conditioning

A

Learning to associate neutral stimuli with stimuli that produce reflexive, involuntary responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Learning to associate neutral stimuli with stimuli that produce reflexive, involuntary responses is known as…

A

Classical conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an unconditioned stimulus

A

Something that elicits a natural, reflexive response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Something that elicits a natural, reflexive response is known as…

A

Unconditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is delayed conditioning

A

Introducing the US while the CS is still evident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Introducing the US while the CS is still evident is known as…

A

Delayed conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is trace conditioning

A

The presentation of the CS, followed by a short break, and then the US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The presentation of the CS, followed by a short break, and then the US is known as…

A

Trace conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is simultaneous conditioning

A

CS and US are presented at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CS and US being presented at the same time is known as…

A

Simultaneous conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is backward conditioning

A

US is presented first, followed by the CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

US being presented first, followed by the CS is known as…

A

Backward conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is extinction

A

When the CS no longer elicits the CR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When the CS no longer elicits the CR it is called…

A

Extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is spontaneous recovery

A

Response breifly reappears upon presentation of the CS after extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Response breifly reappearing upon presentation of the CS after extinction is known as…

A

Spontaneous recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is adverse conditioning

A

Conditioned to have a negative response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Someone conditioned to have a negative response to something is known as…

A

Adverse conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is learned taste aversion

A

Developing an aversion to food/drink after ingesting it and feeling sick after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Developing an aversion to food/drink after ingesting it and feeling sick after is known as…

A

Learned taste aversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Garcia effect

A

Aversion develops more strongly for stimuli that cause nausea than other stimuli in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

“Aversion develops more strongly for stimuli that cause nausea than other stimuli in animals”
This is known as the…

A

Garcia effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is operant conditioning
Learning based on association of consequences with one's actions
26
Learning based on association of consequences with one's actions is known as...
Operant conditioning
27
What is the law of effect
If the consequences of a behavior are pleasant, the stimulus-response connection will be strengthened and the likelihood of the behavior will increase
28
"If the consequences of a behavior are pleasant, the stimulus-response connection will be strengthened and the likelihood of the behavior will increase" This is known as the...
Law of effect
29
What is the Skinner box
A contraption with a way to deliver food to an animal after completing an action
30
What is reinforcer
Anything that makes a behavior more likely to occur
31
Anything that makes a behavior more likely to occur is known as a...
Reinforcer
32
What is instrumental learning
Consequence is instrumental in shaping future behaviors
33
"Consequence is instrumental in shaping future behaviors" This is known as...
Instrumental learning
34
What is positive reinforcement
The addition of something pleasant
35
The addition of something pleasant is called...
Positive reinforcement
36
What is negative reinforcement
The removal of something unpleasant
37
The removal of something unpleasant is called...
Negative reinforcement
38
What is escape learning
Allowing one to terminate an aversive stimulus
39
Allowing one to terminate an aversive stimulus is known as...
Escape learning
40
What is avoidance learning
Enabling one to avoid unpleasant stimulus altogether
41
Enabling one to avoid unpleasant stimulus altogether is known as...
Avoidance learning
42
What is punishment
The addition of something unpleasant
43
The addition of something unpleasant is known as...
Punishment
44
What is omission training
The removal of something pleasant
45
The removal of something pleasant is known as...
Omission training
46
What is shaping
Reinforcing the steps used to reach the desired behavior
47
Reinforcing the steps used to reach the desired behavior is known as...
Shaping
48
What is a primary reinforcer
Things that are rewarding in it of themselves
49
Things that are rewarding in it of themselves are called...
Primary reinforcers
50
What is a secondary reinforcer
Things we have learned to value
51
Things we have learned to value are called...
Secondary reinforcers
52
What is a generalized reinforcer
Something that can be traded in for anything
53
Something that can be traded in for anything is known as a...
Generalized reinforcer
54
What is the Premack principle
Whichever of two activities is preferred can be used to reinforce the activity that isn't preferred
55
"Whichever of two activities is preferred can be used to reinforce the activity that isn't preferred" This is known as the...
Premack principle
56
What is a fixed ratio
Reinforcement delivered after a set number of responses
57
Reinforcement delivered after a set number of responses is known as a...
Fixed ratio
58
What is a fixed interval
Reinforcement delivered after a behavior is performed following the passage of a fixed amount of time
59
Reinforcement delivered after a behavior is performed following the passage of a fixed amount of time is known as a...
Fixed interval
60
What is a variable ratio
Reinforcement delivered after a variable number of responses
61
Reinforcement delivered after a variable number of responses is known as a...
Variable ratio
62
What is a variable interval
Reinforcement delivered after a behavior is performed following the passage of a variable amount of time
63
Reinforcement delivered after a behavior is performed following the passage of a variable amount of time is known as a...
Variable interval
64
What is Pavlov's contiguity model
The more time things are paired, the greater the learning that will take place
65
"The more time things are paired, the greater the learning that will take place" This is known as...
Pavlov's contiguity model
66
What is Rescorla's contingency model
It is necessary for one event to reliably predict another for a strong association between the two
67
"It is necessary for one event to reliably predict another for a strong association between the two" This is known as...
Rescorla's contingency model
68
What is modeling
Learning by observation and imitation
69
Learning by observation and imitation is called...
Modeling
70
What is latent learning
Learning that becomes obvious once a reinforcement is given for demonstrating it
71
Learning that becomes obvious once a reinforcement is given for demonstrating it is known as...
Latent learning
72
What is abstract learning
Understanding concepts
73
Understanding concepts is known as...
Abstract learning
74
What is insight learning
Suddenly realizing how to solve a problem
75
Suddenly realizing how to solve a problem is known as...
Insight learning

AP Psych (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions