Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Psych > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the three-box/information processing model

A

Memories are processed by sensory memory, then short-term, and then long-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Memories being processed by sensory memory, then short-term, and then long-term is known as…

A

The three-box/information processing model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How long does sensory memory last for

A

A split-second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does short-term memory last for

A

10 - 30 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is iconic memory

A

A split-second perfect photograph of a scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A split-second perfect photograph of a scene is called…

A

Iconic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is echoic memory

A

A split-second perfect memory of a sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A split-second perfect memory of a sound is called…

A

Echoic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is selective attention

A

Encoding what we are attending to or what is important to us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Encoding what we are attending to or what is important to us is known as…

A

Selective attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is chunking

A

Grouping items together into no more than seven groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Grouping items together into no more than seven groups is known as…

A

Chunking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is episodic memory

A

Memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series is known as…

A

Episodic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is semantic memory

A

General knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

General knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories is known as…

A

Semantic memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is procedural memory

A

Memories of skills and how to perform them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Memories of skills and how to perform them is known as…

A

Procedural memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are explicit memories

A

Conscious memories of facts or events we actively try to remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conscious memories of facts or events we actively try to remember are known as…

A

Explicit memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are implicit memories

A

Unintentional memories that we remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Unintentional memories that we remember are known as…

A

Implicit memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the levels of processing model

A

We either process things deeply or shallowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Processing things either deeply or shallowly is known as…

A

The levels of processing model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is recognition
The process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory
26
The process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory is called...
Recognition
27
What is recall
Retrieving a memory with an external cue
28
Retrieving a memory with an external cue is called...
Recall
29
What is the primacy effect
We are more likely to recall items at the beginning of a list
30
Being more likely to recall items at the beginning of a list is known as the...
Primacy effect
31
What is the recency effect
We are more likely to recall items at the end of a list
32
Being more likely to recall items at the end of a list is known as the...
Recency effect
33
What is the serial position effect
When the recall of a list is affected by the order of items in a list
34
When the recall of a list is affected by the order of items in a list, it is known as the...
Serial position effect
35
What is the semantic network theory
Our brain forms new memories by connecting their meaning and context with meanings already in memory, creating a web of interconnected memories
36
"Our brain forms new memories by connecting their meaning and context with meanings already in memory, creating a web of interconnected memories" This is known as the...
Semantic network theory
37
What are flashbulb memories
Powerful memories due to the importance of the event that caused us to encode the context surrounding the event
38
Powerful memories due to the importance of the event that caused us to encode the context surrounding the event are called...
Flashbulb memories
39
What is mood-congruient memory
Being more likely to recall an item when our mood matches the mood we were in when the event happened
40
Being more likely to recall an item when our mood matches the mood we were in when the event happened is known as...
Mood-congruient memory
41
What is state-dependent memory
Being more likely to recall events encoded while in particular states of consciousness
42
Being more likely to recall events encoded while in particular states of consciousness is known as...
State-dependent memory
43
What is constructive memory
False details of a real event
44
False details of a real event is known as...
Constructive memory
45
What is retroactive interference
New information interfering with the recall of older information
46
New information interfering with the recall of older information is known as...
Retroactive interference
47
What is proactive interference
Old information interfering with the recall of new information
48
Old information interfering with the recall of new information is known as...
Proactive interference
49
What is anterograde amnesia
Being unable to encode new memories
50
Being unable to encode new memories is known as...
Anterograde amnesia
51
What is long-term potentiation
Neurons can strengthen connections between each other through repeated firings
52
"Neurons can strengthen connections between each other through repeated firings" This is known as...
Long-term potentiation
53
What is a phoneme
The smallest unit of sound
54
The smallest unit of sound is called a...
Phoneme
55
What is a morpheme
The smallest unit of meaningful sound
56
The smallest unit of meaningful sound is called a...
Morpheme
57
At around what age does the babbling stage occur
4 months
58
At around what age does the holophrastic/one-word stage occur
1 year
59
At around what age does the telegraphic speech/two-word stage occur
18 months
60
What is the nativist theory of language acquisition
There is a critical period for learning language
61
"There is a critical period for learning language" This is known as...
The nativist theory of language acquisition
62
What is the linguistic relativity hypothesis
The language we use might control/limit our thinking
63
"The language we use might control/limit our thinking" This is known as...
The linguistic relativity hypothesis
64
What is a concept
A cognitive rule we apply to stimuli
65
A cognitive rule we apply to stimuli is called a...
Concept
66
What is a prototype
The most typical example of a particular concept
67
The most typical example of a particular concept is called a...
Prototype
68
What is an algorithm
A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a foolproof method
69
A rule that guarantees the right solution by using a foolproof method is called an...
Algorithm
70
What is a heuristic
A rule that is generally, but not always true
71
A rule that is generally, but not always true is called a...
Heuristic
72
What is availability heuristic
Judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially
73
Judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initially is known as...
Availability heuristic
74
What is representativeness heuristic
Judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person holds in their mind
75
Judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes the person holds in their mind is known as...
Representativeness heuristic
76
What is belief bias
Making illogical conclusions in order to confirm preexisting beliefs
77
Making illogical conclusions in order to confirm preexisting beliefs is called...
Belief bias
78
What is belief perseverance
The tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence we used to form the belief is contradicted
79
The tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence we used to form the belief is contradicted is called...
Belief perseverance
80
What is rigidity/mental set
The tendency to fall into established thought patterns
81
The tendency to fall into established thought patterns is called...
Rigidity/mental set
82
What is functional fixedness
The inability to see a new use for an object
83
The inability to see a new use for an object is called...
Functional fixedness
84
What is confirmation bias
The tendency to look for evidence that confirms our beliefs and ignore evidence that contradicts them
85
The tendency to look for evidence that confirms our beliefs and ignore evidence that contradicts them is called...
Confirmation bias
86
What is framing
The way a problem is presented
87
The way a problem is presented is known as...
Framing
88
What kind of thinking is more closely associated with creativity
Divergent thinking

AP Psych (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions