Learning Flashcards
Learning
The process through which experience leads to relative permanent changes in knowledge or behaviour
Aristotle claims people remember things when they are…
- similar
- contrast
- contiguous
Contiguity
When 2 or more sensations occurring together often enough, they become associated
3 views of learning
- Behaviourist
- Constructive
- Cognitive
The behavioural view
Assumes that the outcome of learning bring a change in behaviour – emphasise effect of external activity on the individual
Classical vs Operant conditioning
Classical = involuntary behaviour Operant = voluntary behaviour (reward and consequence)
What is cognition?
Active mental process involving of acquiring, remembering and using knowledge
Metacognition
To have knowledge about your thinking and being able to regulate the thinking process
Metacognitive skills
planning
monitoring
evaluating
Learning strategies
Planning and focusing attention (Goals, timetables)
Organising and remembering (Flowcharts, mnemonics)
Comprehension (Summaries, notes, explaining)
Cognitive Monitoring (self-questioning, predictions)
Practice
Learning theorists linked to constructivism
- Piaget
- Vygotsky
- Feuerstein
Learning is an ___ process and can thus not be observed ____
internal
directly
Constructivism…
Emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information
Psychological/individual/cognitive constructivism
individuals construct their own cognitive structures as they interpret their experiences in their particular situations
Social constructivism
social interaction, cultural tools and activity shape individual development and learning
