Human development Flashcards
Features of development
- relatively permanent changes
- changes are orderly/follow a pattern
- changes are constant
General principles of development
- people develop at different rates
- development occurs in an order
- changes take place gradually
Developmental areas
- body
- cognitive (mind)
- social
- personality
Factors influencing development
- Physiological (genes, maturation)
- Personality (characteristics, habits, attitudes, goals)
- Metaphysical (belief in God)
- Environmental (socialisation, climate, political change)
The traditional approach to development
extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, then decline in late old age
Zone of proximal development
task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a more experienced person
Psychosexual theory
- Freud
- development in stages focussing on body’s pleasure areas
- failure to progress to next stage = fixation
Psychosocial
- Erikson
- 8 stages and conflicts in each
Intellectual development
- Piaget
- stages: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational
Attachment theory
- Bowlby
- born with innate need to form attachments, secure attachments form when support is consistent
Social learning theory
- Bandura
- behaviour learned through observation and modelling
Intelligence
the ability to solve problems or create products of value in a social setting
Fluid intelligence
mental efficiency and reasoning ability
Crystalized intelligence
ability to apply problem-solving methods
9 intelligences
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Linguistic Intelligence Interpersonal Intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence Musical Intelligence Visual-Spatial Intelligence Bodily-Kinaesthetic Intelligence Naturalist Intelligence Existential intelligence
