Information processing model Flashcards
What is information processing?
- the process by which the individual transforms information and connects it to existing knowledge
- the human mind’s activity of taking in, story and using info
How long does the sensory memory hold information in its original form for?
< 3 seconds
Synonym for short term memory
working memory
How can info be retained in the working memory?
- pay attention when receiving info
- regular rehearsal of info
- break info into chunks/groups
Working memory
- stores info temporarily
- info can be combined with knowledge in LTM to solve problems
- has a limited capacity (easily overloaded)
Long-term memory
- holds an enormous amount of info
- stores info relatively permanently
Two broad categories of knowledge stored in the LTM
- Explicit knowledge (conscious retrieval)
2. Implicit knowledge (unconscious retrieval)
Subcategories of knowledge under explicit knowledge
- Episodic (own experiences)
- Sematic (facts, GK)
Subcategories of knowledge under implicit knowledge
- classical conditioning (conditioned emotional reactions)
- procedural (habits, rules, motor)
- priming (activation of concepts)
Other types of knowledge
- general
- domain-specific
- declarative (verbal info, facts)
- procedural
- self-regulatory (know when to use dec. or proc.)
Schema
abstract knowledge structure that organises vast amounts of info
When does processing occur at deeper levels?
When info is associated and integrated with prior knowledge
Factors that determine the level of info processing
- method of presentation
- connection to prior knowledge
- relevance of info
- goals and expectations
Reasons why learners might not understand incoming info
- too little prior knowledge
- info being processed superficially
Why do we forget information?
- insufficient attention
- fading/lack of use of info
- suppression (unpleasant so stored in subconscious)
- new knowledge interferes with prior knowledge
- Too much try to be learned in too little time
