Leaf Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order, from top to bottom, of the layers in a leaf?

A

Upper epidermis
Parisale mesophyll
Spongey mesophyll
Vein [xylem & phloem]
Lower epidermis [stoma, guard cells]

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2
Q

Features of xylem?

A

Dead cells, hollow, lignified

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3
Q

Why are xylems lignified?

A

To withstand the pressure of water

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4
Q

What is the direction of transpiration in the xylem?

A

Up

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5
Q

What is the direction of translocation in the phloem?

A

Up and down

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6
Q

What are the features of phloem?

A

Living tissue, sieve plates, companion cells

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7
Q

What do phloem transport?

A

Sugar

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8
Q

What are stomata?

A

The gaps in the lower epidermis of a leaf that allow for CO2 to enter the cells.

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9
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Cells that open or close the stomata to reduce/prevent water loss.

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10
Q

Increasing what factors increases the rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature, wind speed, surface area

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11
Q

Increasing what factor decreases the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity

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12
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The process of water moving through a plant and its evaporation through the stomata.

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13
Q

What do companion cells do?

A

Provide energy for sieve cells

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14
Q

What is the thing used to measure the rate of transpiration?

A

Bubble potometer

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15
Q

Stages of transpiration

A

Water is absorbed by root hair cells through osmosis

Water travels up through the xylem

Water evaporates out of the stomata

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16
Q

A greater number of stomata does what to the rate of transpiration?

A

Increases