Leadership and management theories Flashcards
What are the three sub-processes of the leadership process?
Establishing Direction
Aligning People
Motivating and Inspiring
What is the difference between management and leadership?
Management: Order and Consistency
Leadership: Change and Movement
What are the five major leadership traits?
Intelligence
Self-Confidence
Determination
Integrity
Sociability
What are the Three-Skill Approach skills for personal development?
Technical
Human
Conceptual
What is the behavioural approach?
Focus on what leaders do and how they act
What are the two general behaviours in the behavioural approach?
Task Behaviours
Relationship Behaviours
What is the general purpose of the behavioural approach?
To explain how leaders combine the two behaviours to influence followers in their efforts to achieve a goal
What are the two concerns that influence behaviour?
Concern for People
Concern for Results
What are the four categories of directive and supportive behaviour?
S1: High directive-Low supportive (Directing style)
S2: High directive-High supportive (Coaching)
S3: Low directive-High supportive (Supporting)
S4: Low directive-Low supportive (Delegating)
What is directing style leadership?
Direct instruction, close supervision and very little supporting behaviour
What is coaching style?
Focus on both the goal and socioemotional needs. Leader gives encouragement and solicits follower input. Leader retains ability to make final decision on what and how of the goal achievement
What is supporting style?
Use of supportive behaviours to bring out skills around the goal to be accomplished
What is delegating style?
Group agrees on goal, leader allows followers responsibility to accomplish goal
What are the five parts of transformational leadership?
Provide strong role models for the beliefs and values they want their followers to adapt
Being charismatic leaders who appear competent to their followers
Articulating idealogical goals with moral overtones
Communicating high expectations for followers and exhibit confidence in the follower’s ability to meet them
Arousing task-relevant motive in followers
What are the five fundamental practices that enable transformational leaders to get extraordinary things accomplished?
Model the way
Inspire a shared vision
Challenge the process
Enable others to act
Encourage the heart
What are the five dimensions of Authentic Leadership?
Purpose
Values
Relationships
Self-Discipline
Heart
What is Servant Leadership?
An approach that focuses on leadership from the point of view of the leader and their behaviour. Servant Leaders put followers first, empower them and help them develop their full personal capacities
What is Adaptive leadership?
How leaders encourage people to adapt when confronted with problems, challenges and changes
What are the six Adaptive leadership behaviours?
Get on the balcony
Identify the adaptive challenge
Regulate distress
Maintain disciplined attention
Give the work back to the people
Protect leadership voices from below
What leadership style is a complex process that includes situational changes and leader behaviours?
Adaptive Leadership
What are the different leadership styles?
Situational
Transformational
Authentic
Servant
Adaptive
What is Followership?
A process whereby an individual or individuals accept the influence of others to accomplish a common goal
What are the 7 types of powers?
Expert (personal)
Referent (personal)
Legitimate (positional)
Reward (positional)
Coercive (positional)
Information (positional)
Ecological (positional)
What is personal versus positional power?
Personal reflects effectiveness of individual
Positional reflects an individuals role in an organization
What is Legitimate power?
Belief that the agent has the right to request and the target has the obligation to reply
What is Reward power?
Target complies to obtain reward believed to be controlled by agent
What is Expert power?
Belief that the agent has special knowledge
What is Referent power?
Admiration of or seeking approval of agent
What is Coercive power?
Compliance to avoid punishment believed to be controlled by agent
What is Information power?
Control over information
What is Ecological Power?
Control over the physical environment, technology or organization of work. (target behaviour is based on perceptions of opportunities and constraints)
What steps can an officer use to maintain order within the station?
Educate employees on the workplace rules and regulations which define expected behaviour
Promote the use of on-duty speech
Be the designated adult (model and encourage/enforce appropriate behaviour)
An officer can ensure maximum efficiency by applying what skills?
Good time-management skills
What are the 7 steps in effective delegation?
Define your desired results
Select the appropriate firefighter
Determine level of delegation
Clarify expectations and set parameters
Give authority to match the level of responsibility
Provide background info
Arrange feedback during the process
Determining the level of delegation relates to the amount of decision making authority given to the firefighter. What are the five options the firefighter has?
Take action independently
Take action and report to officer when done
Recommend action that the company officer must approve
Provide multiple actions from which the officer will choose
Provide info about the pros and cons of different recommendations
What are the “dirty dozen” reasons and ways humans make mistakes?
Lack of communication
Complacency
Lack of knowledge
Distraction
Lack of teamwork
Fatigue
Lack of resources
Pressure
Lack of assertiveness
Stress
Lack of awareness
Norms
What is Active Failure?
Unsafe acts committed by people in direct contact with the situation or system
What are Latent Conditions?
Inevitable “resident pathogens” within a system.
What are the 5 steps of the Assertive Statement process?
Use an opening/attention getter
State your concern
State the problem as you see it
State a solution
Obtain agreement or buy-in
What are the three components of the triangle of leadership?
Effective leadership
Leadership Skills
Trust and respect
What three competencies make up true respect?
Personal competence
Technical competence
Social competence
