leadership Flashcards
What is leadership
Leadership is an individual having enough influence over the
behaviour of others to motivate them to follow the individual’s
own set goals.
Characteristics of an effective leader
- Empathetic
- experienced
- Good perceptual skills
- Good decision making skills
- Charismatic
- Visionary
- Ambitious
- motivated
- persistent
- excellent technical knowledge (of sport)
- enthusiastic
- flexible + adaptable
- Good communication skills (talking + listening)
- Self confident (confident persona)
What are emergent leaders
- Are already a member of the group
- appointed from within
- They can assume the role of leader or be voted in by other group members
Example of emergent leaders
- a team captain who is voted in by the rest of the team.
- an experienced performer becomes a coach
Advantages of emergent leaders
- They have good knowledge of the other team members
- They should already have the respect of the team
Disadvantages of emergent leaders
- Team members may struggle to adjust to the new status of the leader; there may be perceived favouritism, eg: in team selection.
- It may be more difficult for the leader to make changes in the the way the team play,
What are prescribed leaders
Are appointed from outside of the group
Eg: a externally appointed football manager
e.g. non native coach for national team
Advantages to prescribed leaders
- They can more easily make changes to systems/tactics, as the team expect this.
- Team members may feel they have a ‘clean slate’ with the prescribed leader and so work harder than before
Disadvantages of prescribed leaders
- They have no previous experience with team members and so may not manage individuals in the most effective way.
- Building relationships and earning respect may take time.
What are the three leadership styles
autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
What is autocratic leadership
- Task orientated (get the job done), more dictational, focus on outcome
- Make most of the decisions and tend to have commanding / directing approaches.
- Show little interest in the individuals making up the group
- engage in little consultations
What is democratic leadership
- Person orientated
- all about building relationships
- Value the views of other group members
- Tend to share decisions, show a good deal of interest in the individuals of the group, involves consultation
What is laissez-faire?
- Make very few decisions
- Give very little feedback
- Individual group members mostly do as they wish
- allow actions to develop without their input
- leader stands aside
When would you use autocratic leadership
- Used when discipline & control is needed / when hostile groups are involved
- common with male leader and male ppts
- Used if there is a lack of time or for the cognitive stage of learning
- Novices, team players & males generally prefer this style from their leader
- Best if a situation is dangerous / a task is unclear
- Good if a leader’s personality is autocratic / authoritarian
- large groups
- leader comes across as confident
- clear message
- ppts conform - good for danger
- beginner player
When would you use democratic leadership
- Suits more advanced performers who have the knowledge to contribute / motivate group members
- Suits a ‘friendly’ match or when a task demands greater interpersonal communication, group is friendly with one another
- Suitable if the leader & group members are well known to each other & the task is not dangerous
- leader + group is female
- works if time is available
- good for wider opinions + ideas
- good for experienced performers
- good for members that prefer democracy (old, female, experienced)
When would you use laissez-faire?
- Suitable for elite performers
- Helps to develop creativity for team members / individuals
- Leader has full trust in members’ capabilities
- lack of direction - members end with lack of guidance
- people give up - lose motivation
- useful for team building + discovery
What did crust find out
- Novice athletes prefer more rewards & experts prefer more democratic & social support coaching
- Team members prefer more training & instruction, autocratic coaching & rewards.
- Individual sports people prefer democratic coaching & social support
- Male athletes prefer autocratic coaching, females prefer a democratic style
- Older athletes prefer democratic coaching, social support, training & instruction
- Athletes of all ages value rewards equally
what are the theories of leadership
- trait perspective
- social learning
- interactionist approach
trait perspective - theory of leadership
- effective leadership behaviour is innate/genetically programmed
- male characteristics
- sons inherit qualities from father
- leaders are born
- leadership is an enduring trait + stable
-ve = social learning is irrelevant
e.g. ambition and empathy may be inherited, which enables effective leadership
social learning - theory of leadership
- Effective leadership behaviour is learned from the environment through imitation and reinforcement
- learnt from others + social environment
- learned if reinforced
- copy high status models - access to this is v important
- model on successful leadership
-ve = ignores traits
e.g. Effective leadership is observed, copied and reinforced. This builds leadership skills
interactionist approach - theory of leadership
- Effective leadership is determined by a combination of inherited traits and experiences learned from the environment
- traits + environment interact
- shows innate leadership when the situation demands it
e.g. leader in sport, not elsewhere - the sport situation has drawn out those innate skills
e.g. people might be born with leadership skills (e.g. empathy) however its the situation that brings out the behaviour
e.g. A person may inherit determination, then observe and imitate the use of this trait to learn effective leadership
Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of sports leadership (key point)
- leaders must be adaptable
draw Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of sports leadership
what does Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of sports leadership measure
the effectiveness of a leader based on:
- the degree of success at completing a task
- how satisfied the group was during the process
