Craik and Lockharts level of processing model

Question 1

What is shallow processing

Answer 1

Shorter lasting memories
- Occurs by recognising the physical or sensory features of a stimulus
- There are two types of processing in shallow processing:
Structural processing and phonetic processing

Question 2

What is structural processing

Answer 2

What the stimulus looks like
e.g the shape and flight of a football

Question 3

What is phonetic processing

Answer 3

What the stimulus sounds like
e.g the noise made by the ball

Question 4

What does shallow processing come from and result in

Answer 4

• Shallow processing comes from the idea of the maintenance rehearsal
• Shallow processing results in a weak memory trace & only short term retention of information

Question 5

What is deep processing

Answer 5

Longer lasting memories
- Occurs by understanding the meaning of the stimulus
There is one type of processing in deep processing:
Semantic processing

Question 6

What is semantic processing

Answer 6

• The importance of the skill
  e.g the flight of the ball has given a scoring opportunity before
• How the stimulus relates to previously stored stimuli
  e.g the player may have experienced a similar ball flight before

Question 7

What does deep processing come from and result in

Answer 7

• Deep processing comes from elaborate rehearsal
• Deep processing results in a deep memory trace being formed LT retention to aid performance

Question 8

What are the advantages of Craik and Lockharts level of processing model

Answer 8

• Effectively explains that if we understand same info we are more likely to remember it
• Explains well that the longer we have to consider & analyse info the more likely we are to remember it

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of Craik and Lockharts level of processing model

Answer 9

• It does account for individual differences
• Difficult to describe what deep processing actually involves
• The longer time it takes to process information does not always lead to better recall