guidance

Question 1

What are the types of guidance?

Answer 1

• visual
• verbal
• manual
• mechanical

Question 2

What is visual guidance?

Answer 2

• performer is just starting out in the learning progress
• learners can see the whole action and interpret it themselves
  e.g.
• demonstration of tennis coach performing a serve
• watching a video of a hockey player performing a V drag
• observing the technique of a cricket bowl via images or stills
• cones, court markings to help basketball player shoot accurately

Question 3

What are advantages of visual guidance?

Answer 3

• provides learner with mental image of skill
• draws attention to key points (gives cues)
• better for less complex skills where less information needs to be given
• encourages observational learning

Question 4

What are disadvantages of visual guidance?

Answer 4

• can demotivate learner if it’s a highly complex skill as they won’t be able to do it
• can overload beginners with information
• needs to be accurate and clear otherwise skill can be learnt incorrectly
• static images don’t show how movement develops

Question 5

What is verbal guidance and the key points involved?

Answer 5

• a coach explains how to perform skills or tells a performer something
  e.g.
• a netball coach telling a netball where to lead on the court
• coach telling badminton player how to perform a smash

Question 6

What are key points involved in verbal guidance?

Answer 6

• don’t speak for too long
• some movements cannot be explained
• questioning can help with understanding and confidence

Question 7

What are advantages of verbal guidance?

Answer 7

• tactics can be explained (autonomous)
• gives technical info/key points and highlights cues
• feedback can be given immediately
• can be motivational
• better for associative + autonomous

Question 8

What are limitations of verbal guidance?

Answer 8

• players must understand the basic terminology used
• overload beginners with info
• learners may lose concentration easily
• can be boring and confusing

Question 9

What is manual guidance?

Answer 9

• a coach physically moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they perform a skill
• used when the skills learnt are complex or dangerous (ensures safety)
  e.g.
• a gymnastics coach supporting someone in a handstand position/supporting back walkover
• moving golfer into right position to drive
• coach takes the performer’s arm through the action of a forehand drive in tennis

Question 10

What are advantages of manual guidance?

Answer 10

• builds confidence
• eliminates danger
• gives early feel for whole skill→kinesthesis

Question 11

What are disadvantages of manual guidance?

Answer 11

• leaner becomes dependant on support and interferes with kinesthesis
• proximity of coach may be upsetting

Question 12

What is mechanical guidance?

Answer 12

• the use of equipment to help support the learner whilst practising the skill
• takes place when equipment or apparatus is used to assist in the coaching + learning process
  e.g.
• using floats in swimming to help develop kicking action in the water
• stabilisers to learn to ride a bike
• harness for trampoline
• cricket bowling machine

Question 13

What are advantages of mechanical guidance?

Answer 13

• promotes confidence + ensures safety for the learner, particularly when there is an element of danger→harness in rock climbing
• can be used to isolate particular part of the skill

Question 14

What are disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

Answer 14

• learner can become dependent on this form of guidance
• the feel of the movement with the guidance is different to the actual movement
• the learner does not get an opportunity to correct mistakes in the technique
• can restrict the performer