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MICRO/PARA > LE2 - Blood Nematodes > Flashcards

LE2 - Blood Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Which microfilaria species causes Bancroftian filariasis?

A) Brugia malayi
B) Loa loa
C) Wuchereria bancrofti
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

C) Wuchereria bancrofti
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti is responsible for Bancroftian filariasis.

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2
Q

Which species has an adult morphology described as thread-like and smooth-skinned?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti’s adult morphology is described as thread-like and smooth-skinned.

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3
Q

Which species is associated with the disease known as “River Blindness”?

A) Loa loa
B) Onchocerca volvulus
C) Mansonella ozzardi
D) Brugia malayi

A

B) Onchocerca volvulus
Rationale: Onchocerca volvulus causes Onchocerciasis, also known as River Blindness.

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4
Q

Which microfilaria species has a diurnal periodicity?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella perstans

A

C) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa has a diurnal periodicity.

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5
Q

Which species has an adult that resides in the lymphatics?

A) Brugia malayi
B) Loa loa
C) Onchocerca volvulus
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

A) Brugia malayi
Rationale: Both Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi have adults that reside in the lymphatics, but option A is the correct choice among the given options.

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6
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a bluntly rounded anterior end and a short cephalic space devoid of nuclei?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti’s microfilaria has these characteristics.

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7
Q

Which species is transmitted by Tabanid flies of the genus Chrysops?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

C) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa is transmitted by Tabanid flies of the genus Chrysops.

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8
Q

Which species causes Malayan filariasis?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

B) Brugia malayi
Rationale: Brugia malayi is responsible for Malayan filariasis.

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9
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with graceful sweeping curves for its body shape?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti’s microfilaria has graceful sweeping curves.

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10
Q

Which species has an adult morphology described as similar to W. bancrofti but smaller?
A) Brugia malayi
B) Loa loa
C) Onchocerca volvulus
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

A) Brugia malayi
Rationale: Brugia malayi’s adult morphology is described as similar to W. bancrofti but smaller.

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11
Q

Which species is associated with the disease known as “Calabar or Fugitive swelling”?
A) Loa loa
B) Onchocerca volvulus
C) Mansonella ozzardi
D) Brugia malayi

A

A) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa causes the disease known as Calabar or Fugitive swelling.

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12
Q

Which microfilaria species has a nocturnal periodicity from 10 pm to 2 am?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella perstans

A

B) Brugia malayi
Rationale: Both Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi have a nocturnal periodicity from 10 pm to 2 am, but option B is the correct choice among the given options.

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13
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a body that is stiff with secondary kinks?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

B) Brugia malayi
Rationale: Brugia malayi’s microfilaria has a body that is stiff with secondary kinks.

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14
Q

Which species has an adult that resides in connective tissue and conjunctiva?
A) Brugia malayi
B) Loa loa
C) Onchocerca volvulus
D) Mansonella ozzardi

A

B) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa’s adult resides in connective tissue and conjunctiva.

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15
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a tail that is finely pointed with a tip free of nuclei?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

D) Onchocerca volvulus
Rationale: Onchocerca volvulus’s microfilaria has a tail that is finely pointed with a tip free of nuclei.

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16
Q

Which species is transmitted by Black flies of the genus Simulium?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

D) Onchocerca volvulus
Rationale: Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted by Black flies of the genus Simulium.

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17
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a sheath that is absent?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

D) Onchocerca volvulus
Rationale: Onchocerca volvulus’s microfilaria has a sheath that is absent.

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18
Q

Which species causes Mansonelliasis?
A) Mansonella ozzardi
B) Mansonella perstans
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

A) Mansonella ozzardi
Rationale: Mansonella ozzardi causes Mansonelliasis.

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19
Q

Which species has an adult that resides in body cavities such as the peritoneum and pleura?
A) Mansonella ozzardi
B) Mansonella perstans
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

A) Mansonella ozzardi
Rationale: Both Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans have adults that reside in body cavities, but option A is the correct choice among the given options.

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20
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a tail that is bluntly rounded with Nuclei continuous up to tip of tail?
A) Mansonella ozzardi
B) Mansonella perstans
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

B) Mansonella perstans

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21
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a tail that is pointed with nuclei tip free of nuclei?
A) Mansonella ozzardi
B) Mansonella perstans
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

A) Mansonella ozzardi

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22
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a tail that is pointed with a tip free of nuclei?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Mansonella perstans

A

A) Wuchereria bancrofti
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti’s microfilaria has a tail that is pointed with a tip free of nuclei.

Tip free of nuclei:
Wuchereria bancrofti
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella ozzardi

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23
Q

Which species of microfilaria is characterized by a tail that has a tip with 2 terminal nuclei (diagnostic) and is constricted between the terminal and subterminal nuclei?

A) Wuchereria bancrofti

B) Loa loa

C) Onchocerca volvulus

D) Brugia malayi

A

D) Brugia malayi

Rationale: Brugia malayi’s microfilaria has a tail that is pointed with a tip that contains 2 terminal nuclei, which is diagnostic. Additionally, there is a constriction observed between the terminal and subterminal nuclei.

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24
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a body that is irregular with corkscrew appearance?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

C) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa’s microfilaria has a body that is irregular with a corkscrew appearance.

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25
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a tail that is pointed with nuclei extending up to the tip?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

C) Loa loa
Rationale: Loa loa’s microfilaria has a tail that is pointed with nuclei extending up to the tip.

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26
Q

Which species has a microfilaria with a sheath that is absent?
A) Wuchereria bancrofti
B) Brugia malayi
C) Loa loa
D) Onchocerca volvulus

A

D) Onchocerca volvulus
Rationale: Onchocerca volvulus’s microfilaria has a sheath that is absent.

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27
Q

Which of the following is another name for Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Malayan filariasis
B) Onchocerciasis
C) Bancroftian filariasis
D) Mansonelliasis

A

C) Bancroftian filariasis
Rationale: Wuchereria bancrofti is specifically known as Bancroftian filariasis, distinguishing it from other filarial diseases.

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28
Q

Where is the adult Wuchereria bancrofti primarily located?

A) Subcutaneous tissue
B) Lymphatics
C) Peripheral blood
D) Body cavities

A

B) Lymphatics
Rationale: The adult Wuchereria bancrofti resides in the lymphatics, leading to lymphatic obstructions and associated symptoms.

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29
Q

How can the morphology of adult Wuchereria bancrofti be best described?

A) Coiled with rough skin
B) Thread-like, smooth-skinned, tapered on both ends but bluntly rounded at the terminal part
C) Short and stout
D) Transparent with visible internal organs

A

B) Thread-like, smooth-skinned, tapered on both ends but bluntly rounded at the terminal part
Rationale: The adult Wuchereria bancrofti has a distinct thread-like appearance with smooth skin and a specific tapered morphology.

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30
Q

During which time is the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti most commonly found in the peripheral blood?

A) Diurnal (6 am - 6 pm)
B) Nocturnal (10 pm - 2 am)
C) Continuous presence
D) Early morning (4 am - 8 am)

A

B) Nocturnal (10 pm - 2 am)
Rationale: The microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti exhibits nocturnal periodicity, making it most prevalent in the peripheral blood during the night hours of 10 pm to 2 am.

Nocturnal (10 pm - 2 am)
-Wuchereria bancrofti
-Brugia malayi

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31
Q

Which insect vector is NOT associated with the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Aedex
B) Culex
C) Black flies
D) Mansonia

A

C) Black flies
Rationale: Black flies are vectors for Onchocerca volvulus. Wuchereria bancrofti is primarily transmitted by Aedex, Culex, Mansonia, and Anopheles mosquitoes.

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32
Q

What is the size of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) 220 x 6 um
B) 270 × 8 um
C) 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um
D) 200 × 360 um

A

C) 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um
Rationale: The microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti has a specific size range of 244-296 um in length and 7.5-10 um in width.

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33
Q

How is the tail of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti characterized?

A) Bluntly rounded with nuclei at the tip
B) Coiled
C) Pointed with tip free of nuclei
D) Tapered with continuous nuclei

A

C) Pointed with tip free of nuclei
Rationale: The tail of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti is pointed and is devoid of nuclei at its tip.

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34
Q

What is the appearance of the sheath of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti when stained?

A) Pink
B) Transparent
C) Blue/pale
D) Absent

A

C) Blue/pale
Rationale: The sheath of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti, when stained, presents a blue or pale appearance.

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35
Q

Which of the following best describes the anterior end of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Rounded with a long cephalic space filled with nuclei
B) Bluntly rounded with a short cephalic space devoid of nuclei
C) Pointed with a long cephalic space devoid of nuclei
D) Coiled with multiple nuclei

A

B) Bluntly rounded with a short cephalic space devoid of nuclei
Rationale: The anterior end of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti is bluntly rounded and has a short cephalic space that lacks nuclei.

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36
Q

Which of the following best describes the body of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Straight with dispersed nuclei
B) Coiled with clumped nuclei
C) Graceful sweeping curves with a central column of cells
D) Zig-zag pattern with no nuclei

A

C) Graceful sweeping curves with a central column of cells
Rationale: The body of the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti has graceful sweeping curves and features a central column of cells.

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37
Q

Which mosquito is NOT a vector for Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Aedex
B) Culex
C) Anopheles
D) Aedes albopictus

A

D) Aedes albopictus
Rationale: While Aedex, Culex, and Anopheles are vectors for Wuchereria bancrofti, Aedes albopictus is not typically associated with its transmission.

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38
Q

Which of the following best describes the adult morphology of Wuchereria bancrofti?

A) Coiled with a rough exterior
B) Short, stout, and transparent
C) Thread-like, smooth-skinned, tapered on both ends but bluntly rounded at the terminal part
D) Long with visible internal segments

A

C) Thread-like, smooth-skinned, tapered on both ends but bluntly rounded at the terminal part
Rationale: The adult Wuchereria bancrofti is characterized by its thread-like appearance, smooth skin, and a specific tapered morphology with a bluntly rounded terminal part.

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39
Q
  1. What is the other name for Brugia malayi?

A. Elephantiasis

B. River Blindness

C. Malayan filariasis

D. Onchocerciasis

A

C. Malayan filariasis

Rationale: Brugia malayi is commonly referred to as Malayan filariasis, distinguishing it from other filarial worms.

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40
Q
  1. Where is the adult Brugia malayi primarily located?

A. Subcutaneous tissue

B. Lymphatics

C. Peripheral blood

D. Skin

A

B. Lymphatics

Rationale: The adult Brugia malayi resides in the lymphatics, which are part of the lymphatic system responsible for transporting lymph throughout the body.

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41
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the morphology of Brugia malayi?

A. Large and robust

B. Similar to W. bancrofti but smaller

C. Thin and transparent

D. Curved with a pointed end

A

B. Similar to W. bancrofti but smaller

Rationale: Brugia malayi has a morphology that is similar to Wuchereria bancrofti, but it is smaller in size.

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42
Q
  1. During which time is Brugia malayi most active?

A. Diurnal

B. Nocturnal (10 pm - 2 am)

C. Afternoon

D. Morning

A

B. Nocturnal (10 pm - 2 am)

Rationale: Brugia malayi shows nocturnal periodicity, being most active in the peripheral blood between 10 pm and 2 am.

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43
Q
  1. Which insect is NOT a vector for Brugia malayi?

A. Aedex

B. Culex

C. Black flies

D. Mansonia

A

C. Black flies

Rationale: Brugia malayi is transmitted by Aedex, Culex, Mansonia, and Anopheles mosquitoes. Black flies are not vectors for Brugia malayi.

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44
Q
  1. What is the size of the microfilaria of Brugia malayi?

A. 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um

B. 220 x 6 um

C. 270 × 8 um

D. 200 × 360 um

A

B. 220 x 6 um

Rationale: The microfilaria of Brugia malayi measures approximately 220 x 6 um in size.

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45
Q
  1. How does the tail of Brugia malayi microfilaria appear?

A. Bluntly rounded

B. Finely pointed

C. Pointed with 2 terminal nuclei

D. Curved

A

C. Pointed with 2 terminal nuclei

Rationale: The tail of Brugia malayi microfilaria is pointed and has a distinguishing feature of 2 terminal nuclei, which is diagnostic.

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46
Q
  1. What color does the sheath of Brugia malayi microfilaria stain with Giemsa?

A. Blue

B. Transparent

C. Pink

D. Light green

A

C. Pink

Rationale: The sheath of Brugia malayi microfilaria stains pink when treated with Giemsa stain.

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47
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the anterior end of Brugia malayi microfilaria?

A. Pointed with short cephalic space

B. Rounded with no cephalic space

C. Bluntly rounded with long cephalic space devoid of nuclei

D. Curved with visible nuclei

A

C. Bluntly rounded with long cephalic space devoid of nuclei

Rationale: The anterior end of Brugia malayi microfilaria is described as bluntly rounded with a long cephalic space that lacks nuclei.

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48
Q
  1. How is the body of Brugia malayi microfilaria best described?

A. Smooth and straight

B. Stiff with secondary kinks

C. Graceful sweeping curves

D. Irregular with corkscrew appearance

A

B. Stiff with secondary kinks

Rationale: The body of Brugia malayi microfilaria is characterized as stiff with secondary kinks.

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49
Q
  1. What distinguishes the tail of Brugia malayi microfilaria from others?

A. It has a blunt end

B. It is curved with visible nuclei

C. It has a constriction between the terminal and subterminal nuclei

D. It is elongated and smooth

A

C. It has a constriction between the terminal and subterminal nuclei

Rationale: The tail of Brugia malayi microfilaria is pointed and has a constriction between the terminal and subterminal nuclei, which is a distinguishing feature.

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50
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the adult morphology of Brugia malayi compared to Wuchereria bancrofti?

A. Larger and more robust

B. Thicker with a visible sheath

C. Similar but with a more pointed end

D. Similar but smaller in size

A

D. Similar but smaller in size

Rationale: Brugia malayi has an adult morphology that is similar to Wuchereria bancrofti, but it is notably smaller in size.

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51
Q
  1. What is another name for Loa loa?

a) River Blindness

b) Elephantiasis

c) Eye worm causing Calabar or Fugitive swelling

d) Mansonelliasis

A

c) Eye worm causing Calabar or Fugitive swelling

Rationale: The information provided states that the other name for Loa loa is “Eye worm causing Calabar or Fugitive swelling.”

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52
Q
  1. Where is the adult Loa loa located?

a) Lymphatics

b) Connective tissue, conjunctiva

c) Subcutaneous tissue

d) Peripheral blood

A

b) Connective tissue, conjunctiva

Rationale: The location of the adult Loa loa is specified as “Connective tissue, conjunctiva.”

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53
Q
  1. How is the adult morphology of Loa loa described?

a) Thread-like

b) Curved tail

c) Thin and transparent

d) Stiff with secondary kinks

A

c) Thin and transparent

Rationale: The adult morphology of Loa loa is described as “Thin and transparent.”

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54
Q
  1. What is the periodicity of Loa loa?

a) Nocturnal

b) Diurnal

c) Non-periodic

d) Continuous

A

b) Diurnal

Rationale: The periodicity of Loa loa is mentioned as “Diurnal.”

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55
Q
  1. Which insect serves as the vector for Loa loa?

a) Black flies

b) Midges

c) Aedex

d) Tabanid flies

A

d) Tabanid flies

Rationale: The insect vector for Loa loa is specified as “Tabanid flies (genus Chrysops).”

56
Q
  1. What is the size of Loa loa’s microfilaria?

a) 220 x 6 um

b) 270 × 8 um

c) 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um

d) 200 × 360 um

A

b) 270 × 8 um

Rationale: The size of Loa loa’s microfilaria is given as “270 × 8 um.”

57
Q
  1. How is the tail of Loa loa’s microfilaria described?

a) Bluntly rounded

b) Pointed with no nuclei

c) Pointed with nuclei extending up to tip

d) Constricted between terminal and subterminal nuclei

A

c) Pointed with nuclei extending up to tip

Rationale: The tail of Loa loa’s microfilaria is described as “Pointed with nuclei extending up to tip.”

58
Q
  1. What is the characteristic of the sheath of Loa loa’s microfilaria?

a) Absent

b) Present, blue/pale

c) Present, pink

d) Present, stains lightly or transparent

A

d) Present, stains lightly or transparent

Rationale: The sheath of Loa loa’s microfilaria is mentioned as “Present, stains lightly or transparent.”

59
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the anterior end of Loa loa’s microfilaria?

a) Pointed with a long cephalic space

b) Rounded with very small or no cephalic spaces

c) Bluntly rounded with a short cephalic space

d) Curved with a distinct cephalic space

A

b) Rounded with very small or no cephalic spaces

60
Q
  1. How is the body of Loa loa’s microfilaria described?

a) Graceful sweeping curves

b) Stiff with secondary kinks

c) Irregular curves; corkscrew appearance

d) Straight and rigid

A

c) Irregular curves; corkscrew appearance

61
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Loa loa’s microfilaria?

a) Diurnal periodicity

b) Insect vector is Tabanid flies

c) Absent sheath

d) Located in peripheral blood

A

c) Absent sheath

62
Q
  1. Which genus is associated with the insect vector of Loa loa?

a) Simulium

b) Cullicoides

c) Chrysops

d) Aedex

A

c) Chrysops

63
Q
  1. What is another name for “Onchocerca volvulus”?

a) Elephantiasis
b) Malayan filariasis
c) Convoluted filaria causing Onchocerciasis or River Blindness
d) Eye worm causing Calabar swelling

A

c) Convoluted filaria causing Onchocerciasis or River Blindness
Rationale: The other name for “Onchocerca volvulus” is “Convoluted filaria causing Onchocerciasis or River Blindness”.

64
Q
  1. Where is the adult “Onchocerca volvulus” located?

a) Lymphatics
b) Connective tissue, conjunctiva
c) Subcutaneous tissue
d) Body cavities (peritoneum, pleura)

A

c) Subcutaneous tissue
Rationale: The adult “Onchocerca volvulus” is located in the subcutaneous tissue.

65
Q
  1. How is the adult morphology of “Onchocerca volvulus” described?

a) Thin and transparent
b) Posterior end is curved (‘curved tail’)
c) Similar to W. bancrofti but smaller in size
d) Thread-like, smooth-skinned

A

b) Posterior end is curved (‘curved tail’)
Rationale: The adult morphology of “Onchocerca volvulus” is described as having a curved posterior end, which is why it’s named “onchocerca”.

66
Q
  1. Where is the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” located?

a) Peripheral blood
b) Skin, eyes
c) Lymphatics
d) Body cavities

A

b) Skin, eyes
Rationale: The microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” is located in the skin and eyes.

67
Q
  1. Which insect vector is associated with “Onchocerca volvulus”?

a) Aedex, Culex, Mansonia, Anopheles
b) Tabanid flies (genus Chrysops)
c) Black flies (genus Simulium)
d) Midges (genus Cullicoides)

A

c) Black flies (genus Simulium)
Rationale: “Onchocerca volvulus” is transmitted by black flies of the genus Simulium.

68
Q
  1. What is the size of the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus”?

a) 220 x 6 um
b) 270 × 8 um
c) 200 × 360 um
d) 180 × 4 um

A

c) 200 × 360 um
Rationale: The size of the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” is 200 × 360 um.

69
Q
  1. How is the tail of the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” described?

a) Pointed with 2 terminal nuclei
b) Bluntly rounded with nuclei continuous up to tip
c) Finely pointed with tip free of nuclei
d) Tapered

A

c) Finely pointed with tip free of nuclei
Rationale: The tail of the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” is finely pointed with its tip free of nuclei.

70
Q
  1. Is there a sheath present in the microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus”?

a) Present, blue/pale
b) Present, pink
c) Absent
d) Present, stains lightly or transparent

A

c) Absent
Rationale: The microfilaria of “Onchocerca volvulus” does not have a sheath.

71
Q
  1. Which statement about “Onchocerca volvulus” is true?

a) Its microfilaria has a sheath that stains pink with Giemsa stain.
b) It is primarily found in the lymphatics.
c) The adult form is located in subcutaneous tissue.
d) Its microfilaria is primarily found in peripheral blood.

A

c) The adult form is located in subcutaneous tissue.
Rationale: The adult “Onchocerca volvulus” is located in the subcutaneous tissue.

72
Q

What is the other name for Mansonella ozzardi?
a) Bancroftian filariasis
b) Malayan filariasis
c) Ozzard’s filaria causing Mansonelliasis
d) Convoluted filaria causing Onchocerciasis

A

c) Ozzard’s filaria causing Mansonelliasis
Rationale: The other name for Mansonella ozzardi is “Ozzard’s filaria causing Mansonelliasis”.

73
Q

Where is the location of the adult Mansonella ozzardi?
a) Lymphatics
b) Connective tissue, conjunctiva
c) Subcutaneous tissue
d) Body cavities (peritoneum, pleura)

A

d) Body cavities (peritoneum, pleura)
Rationale: The adult Mansonella ozzardi is located in the body cavities, specifically the peritoneum and pleura.

74
Q

Where is the location of Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria?
a) Skin, eyes
b) Peripheral blood
c) Lymphatics
d) Connective tissue, conjunctiva

A

b) Peripheral blood
Rationale: The microfilaria of Mansonella ozzardi is located in the peripheral blood.

75
Q

Which insect serves as the vector for Mansonella ozzardi?
a) Black flies (genus Simulium)
b) Tabanid flies (genus Chrysops)
c) Midges (genus Cullicoides)
d) Aedex, Culex, Mansonia, Anopheles

A

c) Midges (genus Cullicoides)
Rationale: The insect vector for Mansonella ozzardi is the midges, specifically of the genus Cullicoides.

76
Q

What is the size of Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria?
a) 220 x 6 um
b) 270 × 8 um
c) 240 × 360 um
d) 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um

A

c) 240 × 360 um
Rationale: The size of Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria is 240 × 360 um.

77
Q

How is the tail of Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria described?
a) Bluntly rounded with nuclei continuous up to tip
b) Finely pointed with tip free of nuclei
c) Pointed with tip free of nuclei
d) Pointed, constricted between the terminal and subterminal nuclei

A

c) Pointed with tip free of nuclei
Rationale: The tail of Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria is pointed and the tip is free of nuclei.

78
Q

Is there a sheath present in Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria?
a) Present, blue/pale
b) Present, pink
c) Absent
d) Present, stains lightly or transparent

A

c) Absent
Rationale: Mansonella ozzardi’s microfilaria does not have a sheath.

79
Q
  1. Other name of “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Onchocerca volvulus

b) Dipetalonema perstans

c) Loa loa

d) Wuchereria bancrofti

A

b) Dipetalonema perstans

Rationale: The other name specifically mentioned for “Mansonella perstans” is “Dipetalonema perstans”.

80
Q
  1. The location of the adult “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Lymphatics

b) Connective tissue, conjunctiva

c) Subcutaneous tissue

d) Body cavities (peritoneum, pleura)

A

d) Body cavities (peritoneum, pleura)

Rationale: The adult “Mansonella perstans” is located in the body cavities, specifically the peritoneum and pleura.

81
Q
  1. The location of microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Skin, eyes

b) Peripheral blood (non-periodic)

c) Peripheral blood

d) Lymphatics

A

b) Peripheral blood (non-periodic)

Rationale: The microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is located in the peripheral blood and is non-periodic.

82
Q
  1. The insect vector for “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Black flies (genus Simulium)

b) Tabanid flies (genus Chrysops)

c) Midges (genus Cullicoides)

d) Aedex, Culex, Mansonia, Anopheles

A

c) Midges (genus Cullicoides)

Rationale: The insect vector for “Mansonella perstans” is specifically the midges from the genus Cullicoides.

83
Q
  1. The size of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) 220 x 6 um

b) 270 × 8 um

c) 180 × 4 um

d) 244-296 um x 7.5-10 um

A

c) 180 × 4 um

Rationale: The size of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is specifically 180 × 4 um.

84
Q
  1. The tail of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Pointed with tip free of nuclei

b) Finely pointed with tip free of nuclei

c) Bluntly rounded with nuclei continuous up to tip

d) Pointed, constricted between the terminal and subterminal nuclei

A

c) Bluntly rounded with nuclei continuous up to tip

Rationale: The tail of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is bluntly rounded with nuclei continuous up to the tip.

85
Q
  1. The sheath of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is:

a) Present, blue/pale

b) Present, pink

c) Absent

d) Present, stains lightly or transparent

A

c) Absent

Rationale: The sheath of the microfilaria of “Mansonella perstans” is specifically mentioned as absent.

86
Q

Filarial worms are a type of:
a) Protozoa
b) Fungi
c) Nematodes
d) Bacteria

A

c) Nematodes
Rationale: Filarial worms are nematodes that inhabit blood and tissues.

87
Q

How are filarial worms primarily transmitted to humans?
a) Contaminated water
b) Blood-sucking insect bites
c) Direct contact
d) Ingestion of contaminated food

A

b) Blood-sucking insect bites
Rationale: Filarial worms are transmitted through the bites of blood-sucking insects.

88
Q

Where do filarial worms primarily reside in humans?
a) Digestive tract
b) Blood and tissues
c) Lungs
d) Brain

A

b) Blood and tissues
Rationale: Filarial worms are found in subcutaneous tissues, the lymphatic system, or body cavities of humans.

89
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of male filarial worms?
a) Perianal papillae
b) Unequal spicules
c) Caudal bursa
d) Slender body

A

c) Caudal bursa
Rationale: Male filarial worms do not have a caudal bursa.

90
Q

Female filarial worms are:
a) Shorter than males and oviparous
b) Longer than males and oviparous
c) Shorter than males and viviparous
d) Longer than males and viviparous

A

d) Longer than males and viviparous
Rationale: Female worms are longer than males and are viviparous, meaning they give birth to live larvae called microfilariae.

91
Q

Which species is NOT an example of filarial worms?
a) Wuchereria bancrofti
b) Onchocerca volvulus
c) Brugia malayi
d) Plasmodium vivax

A

d) Plasmodium vivax
Rationale: Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan responsible for malaria, not a filarial worm.

92
Q

How many hosts are involved in the life cycle of filarial worms?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four

A

b) Two
Rationale: The life cycle of filarial worms involves two hosts: a definitive host (man) and an intermediate host (blood-sucking arthropods).

93
Q

Which condition is NOT associated with filarial worms?
a) Calabar swelling
b) Onchocercoma
c) Elephantiasis
d) Tuberculosis

A

d) Tuberculosis
Rationale: Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, not filarial worms.

94
Q

Which diagnostic method is NOT used for filarial worms?
a) Blood films
b) Lymphatic fluid examination
c) Tissue biopsy
d) Stool examination

A

d) Stool examination
Rationale: Filarial worms are diagnosed using blood films, lymphatic fluids, or tissue biopsies, not stool examination.

95
Q

Which medication is used to reduce the rate of microfilaria in the population?
a) Ivermectin
b) Metronidazole
c) Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
d) Penicillin

A

c) Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Rationale: Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is used to reduce the rate of microfilaria in the population.

96
Q

What disease is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
a) Lymphatic filariasis
b) Elephantiasis
c) Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
d) Onchocerciasis

A

c) Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

Rationale: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is responsible for causing Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis, also known as angiostrongyliasis.

97
Q

Which of the following is the natural host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
a) Humans
b) Cats
c) Rats
d) Birds

A

c) Rats

Rationale: Rats are the natural hosts for Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

98
Q

What is the diagnostic feature of the female adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
a) Barber’s pole appearance
b) Small bursa copulatrix at the posterior end
c) Viviparous reproduction
d) Presence of caudal bursa

A

a) Barber’s pole appearance

Rationale: The female adult of Angiostrongylus cantonensis has a diagnostic feature of a barber’s pole appearance.

99
Q

Which feature is specific to the male adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
a) Viviparous reproduction
b) Barber’s pole appearance
c) Small bursa copulatrix at the posterior end
d) Presence of caudal bursa

A

c) Small bursa copulatrix at the posterior end

Rationale: The male adult of Angiostrongylus cantonensis features a small bursa copulatrix at the posterior end.

100
Q
  1. What is the common name for Trichinella spiralis?

A) Roundworm
B) Hookworm
C) Trichina worm
D) Tapeworm

A

C) Trichina worm
Rationale: Trichinella spiralis is commonly referred to as the Trichina worm.

101
Q
  1. Which disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis?

A) Ascariasis
B) Trichinosis
C) Ancylostomiasis
D) Taeniasis

A

B) Trichinosis
Rationale: Trichinella spiralis causes the disease Trichinosis.

102
Q
  1. Where does the adult Trichinella spiralis reside?

A) Large intestine
B) Stomach
C) Mucosa of small intestine
D) Liver

A

C) Mucosa of small intestine
Rationale: The adult worm of Trichinella spiralis resides in the mucosa of the small intestine.

103
Q
  1. How is Trichinosis primarily transmitted to humans?

A) Mosquito bites
B) Contaminated water
C) Inadequately cooked pork
D) Skin contact

A

C) Inadequately cooked pork
Rationale: The major source of human infection is the consumption of inadequately cooked pork.

104
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a stage in the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

A) Free-living stage
B) Larval stage
C) Adult stage
D) Encysted stage

A

A) Free-living stage
Rationale: Trichinella spiralis does not have a free-living stage in its life cycle.

105
Q
  1. What is the appearance of the anterior half of the adult Trichinella spiralis?

A) Bulbous and rounded
B) Thin and pointed
C) Coiled
D) Flat

A

B) Thin and pointed
Rationale: The anterior half of the adult Trichinella spiralis is thin and pointed, which is adapted for burrowing.

106
Q
  1. How do female Trichinella spiralis reproduce?

A) Oviparous (lay eggs)
B) Viviparous (give birth to live larvae)
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

A

B) Viviparous (give birth to live larvae)
Rationale: Female Trichinella spiralis are viviparous and discharge live larvae.

107
Q
  1. Which of the following treatments is NOT used for Trichinosis?

A) Thiabendazole
B) Mebendazole
C) Ivermectin
D) Albendazole

A

C) Ivermectin
Rationale: Thiabendazole, mebendazole, and albendazole are treatments for Trichinosis, but Ivermectin is not mentioned as a treatment.

108
Q
  1. Which stage of Trichinosis involves muscle pain and fever?

A) Invasion
B) Larval migration
C) Encystation
D) Tissue repair & recovery

A

C) Encystation
Rationale: The encystation stage of Trichinosis is characterized by muscle pain and fever.

109
Q
  1. Which host is considered the dead-end for Trichinella spiralis?

A) Pig
B) Rat
C) Bear
D) Man

A

D) Man
Rationale: Man is considered the dead-end host for the parasite as cysts in human muscles are unlikely to be consumed by another host.

110
Q
  1. Which of the following methods can decontaminate meat from Trichinella spiralis larvae?

A) Smoking
B) Salting
C) Drying
D) Prolonged freezing

A

D) Prolonged freezing
Rationale: Prolonged freezing can decontaminate meat from infective larvae, while smoking, salting, or drying does not destroy them.

111
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Trichinosis during the larval migration stage?

A) Fever
B) Myalgia
C) Edema around eyes
D) Muscle pseudohypertrophy

A

D) Muscle pseudohypertrophy
Rationale: Muscle pseudohypertrophy is a result of encysted larvae, not a symptom during the larval migration stage.

112
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles is rich in glycogen and is less preferred by Trichinella spiralis?

A) Diaphragm
B) Intercostal muscles
C) Biceps
D) Deltoid

A

C) Biceps
Rationale: The parasites preferably lodge in muscles poor in glycogen, such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

113
Q
  1. What is the primary mode of transmission of Trichinosis among pigs?

A) Through water
B) Through feces
C) Through blood
D) Consumption of infected meat

A

D) Consumption of infected meat
Rationale: Infection can be transmitted from pig-to-pig primarily through the consumption of infected meat.

114
Q
  1. Which part of the male Trichinella spiralis is used to hold the female during mating?

A) Cephalic papillae
B) Conical papillae
C) Claspers
D) Tail

A

C) Claspers
Rationale: The male has a pair of pear-shaped clasping papillae (claspers) used to hold the female during mating.

115
Q
  1. Which of the following is a serologic test used for the diagnosis of Trichinosis?

A) ELISA
B) PCR
C) Trichinella antibody test
D) Blood culture

A

C) Trichinella antibody test
Rationale: The Trichinella antibody test is a serologic test used for diagnosing Trichinosis.

116
Q
  1. In which stage of Trichinosis do symptoms like epigastric pain, vomiting, and nausea occur?

A) Invasion
B) Larval migration
C) Encystation
D) Tissue repair & recovery

A

A) Invasion
Rationale: During the invasion stage of Trichinosis, symptoms like epigastric pain, vomiting, and nausea are observed.

117
Q
  1. What is another name for Visceral Larva Migrans?
    a) Hepatic toxocariasis
    b) Ocular toxocariasis
    c) Human toxocariasis
    d) Canine toxocariasis
A

c) Human toxocariasis
Rationale: VLM is also known as human toxocariasis, which is characterized by the presence of migrating larva in visceral organs.

118
Q
  1. Which organism is the most common cause of VLM?
    a) Toxoplasma gondii
    b) Toxocara felis
    c) Toxocara canis
    d) Ascaris lumbricoides
A

c) Toxocara canis
Rationale: The most common causative agent of VLM is Toxocara canis.

119
Q
  1. In which animal is the adult form of Toxocara canis primarily found?
    a) Cats
    b) Humans
    c) Dogs
    d) Rats
A

c) Dogs
Rationale: The primary host for Toxocara canis is the dog, where the adult worms primarily reside in the intestines.

120
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the adult Toxocara canis?
    a) Long & narrow cervical alae
    b) Spherical body
    c) Cylindrical body with tapered ends
    d) Curved posterior end in males
A

b) Spherical body
Rationale: The adult Toxocara canis has a cylindrical body with tapered ends, not a spherical body.

121
Q
  1. What is the shape of the Toxocara canis egg?
    a) Cylindrical
    b) Spherical
    c) Oval
    d) Triangular
A

b) Spherical
Rationale: The egg of Toxocara canis is slightly spherical in shape.

122
Q
  1. Which organ is most commonly affected by the migrating larva of Toxocara canis?
    a) Lungs
    b) Brain
    c) Eyes
    d) Liver
A

d) Liver
Rationale: The liver is the most common site reached by the migrating larva of Toxocara canis.

123
Q
  1. Ocular larva migrans is caused by the migration of the larva to which organ?
    a) Liver
    b) Lungs
    c) Eyes
    d) Brain
A

c) Eyes
Rationale: When the larva reaches the eyes, it causes a condition known as ocular larva migrans.

124
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a part of the clinical triad seen in VLM?
    a) Hypereosinophilia
    b) Hepatomegaly
    c) Hyperglobulinemia
    d) Hypercalcemia
A

d) Hypercalcemia
Rationale: The disease VLM is marked by a triad of symptoms: hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, and hyperglobulinemia. Hypercalcemia is not a part of this triad.

125
Q
  1. Which diagnostic method involves the removal and examination of a tissue sample?
    a) Serology
    b) Tissue biopsy
    c) Blood culture
    d) Urinalysis
A

b) Tissue biopsy
Rationale: Tissue biopsy involves the removal and examination of a tissue sample for diagnostic purposes.

126
Q
  1. Which drug is used in the treatment of VLM?
    a) Ivermectin
    b) Albendazole
    c) Thiabendazole
    d) Praziquantel
A

c) Thiabendazole
Rationale: Thiabendazole is one of the drugs used for the treatment of VLM.

127
Q
  1. In which part of the human body does the Toxocara canis egg hatch?
    a) Stomach
    b) Large intestine
    c) Small intestine
    d) Liver
A

c) Small intestine
Rationale: The embryonated egg of Toxocara canis hatches in the small intestines after ingestion.

128
Q
  1. Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of the adult Toxocara canis?
    a) Thick, coarsely pitted eggshell
    b) Long & narrow cervical alae
    c) Spherical body
    d) Curved anterior end
A

b) Long & narrow cervical alae
Rationale: The long & narrow cervical alae at the anterior of the adult Toxocara canis is a diagnostic feature.

129
Q
  1. How do humans primarily get infected with Toxocara canis?
    a) Bite from an infected mosquito
    b) Ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated sources
    c) Direct contact with an infected dog
    d) Inhalation of larva from the air
A

b) Ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated sources
Rationale: Humans get infected by ingesting embryonated eggs from contaminated food, drinks, or surfaces.

130
Q
  1. Which of the following is a result of larva migration in VLM?
    a) Granuloma formation
    b) Cyst formation
    c) Abscess formation
    d) Ulcer formation
A

a) Granuloma formation
Rationale: The migration of the larva in VLM leads to eosinophilic inflammation and granuloma formation.

131
Q
  1. In which animal does the Toxocara canis larva mature into an adult worm?
    a) Humans
    b) Rats
    c) Dogs
    d) Birds
A

c) Dogs
Rationale: The larva of Toxocara canis will mature into an adult worm only in cats or dogs, not in humans.

132
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a site reached by the migrating larva of Toxocara canis?
    a) Liver
    b) Lungs
    c) Kidneys
    d) Eyes
A

c) Kidneys
Rationale: The larva reaches various sites such as the liver, lungs, brain, and eyes. Kidneys are not mentioned as a common site for larva migration.

133
Q
  1. What is the primary host for Toxocara canis?
    a) Cats
    b) Humans
    c) Dogs
    d) Rats
A

c) Dogs
Rationale: The primary host for Toxocara canis is the dog.

134
Q
  1. Which drug is used alongside Thiabendazole in the treatment of VLM?
    a) Ivermectin
    b) Albendazole
    c) Corticosteroids
    d) Praziquantel
A

c) Corticosteroids
Rationale: Corticosteroids are used alongside Thiabendazole for the treatment of VLM.

135
Q
  1. Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of the Toxocara canis egg?
    a) Thin, smoothly pitted eggshell
    b) Thick, coarsely pitted eggshell
    c) Cylindrical shape
    d) Transparent shell
A

b) Thick, coarsely pitted eggshell
Rationale: The egg of Toxocara canis features a thick, coarsely pitted eggshell, which is a diagnostic characteristic.

136
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a result of larva migration in VLM?
    a) Hypereosinophilia
    b) Hepatomegaly
    c) Hyperglobulinemia
    d) Hyperkalemia
A

d) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: The disease VLM is marked by hypereosinophilia,
hepatomegaly,
hyperglobulinemia.
Hyperkalemia is not a result of larva migration in VLM.

MICRO/PARA (15 decks)

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